FIGURE 8.

Schematic diagram of the involvement of BMAL1 in mitochondrial homeostasis during renal IRI. During renal IRI, the expression of BMAL1 is significantly downregulated, which reduces the activity of SIRT1. The decrement of SIRT1 activity downregulated the expression of PGC‐1α, which decreases the concentration of NRF1 and TFAM and inhibits the stability of mtDNA. The mitochondrial biogenesis level is inhibited by a decrease in mtDNA, thereby decreasing the mitochondrial homeostasis and increasing oxidative stress. An impaired mitochondrial homeostasis promotes mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and leads to the release of Cyt c and activation of the caspase cascade, which eventually leads to apoptosis (The figure was created in BioRender.com.)