Comparison of the current catalyst with reported catalysts for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives^a.

Entry	Catalyst	Solvent	Temp. (°C)	Time (min)	Yieldb (%)	References
1	BF3·SiO2	Solvent-free	140	120	92	50
2	SiO2·NaHSO4	Solvent-free	140	120	92	51
3	TiCl4·SiO2	Solvent-free	110	190	75	52
4	PEG-400	Solvent-free	110	360	86	53
5	Glycerol	Solvent-free	90	180	96	54
6	l-Proline in	MeOH	60	540	78	10
7	Fe3O4–PEG–Cu	Solvent-free	110	55	96	55
8	InCl3·3H2O	MeOH	25	498	82	56
9	DABCO	t-BuOH	60	800	92	13
10	K5CoW12O40·3H2O	Solvent free	140	160	95	16
11	[(CH2)4SO3HMIM][HSO4]	Solvent free	140	120	94	57
12	ZSM-11 zeolite	Solvent-free	110	30	95	Present

^aReaction conditions: benzil (1.0 mmol), aldehyde (1.0 mmol), aniline (1.0 mmol), NH₄OAc (3.0 mmol), ZSM-11 zeolite catalyst of time 48 h (0.05 g).

^bIsolated yield.