TABLE 1.

Phenotypes of T cell-specific autophagy-deficient mice

	Mammalian gene	Mutant mouse	Phenotype	References
ULK complex	FIP200	FIP200 f/f CD4-Cre	T cell apoptosis ↑	Xia et al. (2017)
			Normal thymic cellularity
			Peripheral T cell number ↓
		FIP200 f/f Tie2-Cre	Hematopoietic defect	Liu et al. (2010)
PI3KC3 complex	Pik3c3	Pik3c3 f/f CD4-Cre	T cell apoptosis ↑	Willinger and Flavell, (2012) Parekh et al. (2013) Yang et al. (2021)
			Normal thymic cellularity
			Peripheral T cell number ↓
			Th1 differentiation ↓
			Treg differentiation ↓
		Pik3c3 f/f Lck-Cre	T cell apoptosis ↑	McLeod et al. (2011)
			Thymic cellularity ↓
			Peripheral T cell number ↓
	Beclin 1	Becn1 f/f CD4-Cre	Peripheral T cell number ↓	Kovacs et al. (2012) Xia et al. (2020)
			Effector to naïve T cell ratio ↑
			T cell apoptosis ↑
			Th1 differentiation ↓
Atg12 conjugation system	Atg7	Atg7 f/f Lck-Cre	T cell apoptosis ↑	Pua et al. (2009) Hubbard et al. (2010) Jia et al. (2011) Amersfoort et al. (2018)
			ER & mitochondria size ↑
			Peripheral T cell number ↓
			ATP production ↓
			Cytokine production ↓
		Atg7 f/f CD4-Cre	T cell apoptosis ↑	Lin et al. (2014)
		Atg7 f/f Foxp3-Cre	T cell apoptosis ↑	Le Texier et al. (2016) Wei et al. (2016)
			Glycolysis ↑
			Treg differentiation ↓
	Atg5	Atg5 f/f Lck-Cre	T cell apoptosis ↑	Stephenson et al. (2009) Oravecz-Wilson et al. (2021)
			T cell proliferation ↓
			Thymic cellularity ↓
			Peripheral T cell number ↓
			ER & mitochondria size ↑
		Atg5 f/f CD4-Cre	Th9 differentiation ↑	Rivera Vargas et al. (2017)
		Atg5 f/f Foxp3-Cre	T cell apoptosis ↑	Wei et al. (2016) Plaza-Sirvent et al. (2021)
			Treg differentiation ↓
LC3 conjugation system	Atg3	Atg3 f/f Lck-Cre	T cell apoptosis ↑	Jia and He, (2011)
			ER & mitochondria size ↑
		Atg3 f/f ER-Cre	T cell proliferation ↓	Jia et al. (2015) Rivera Vargas et al. (2017)
			Th9 differentiation ↑
	LC3	Map1lc3b −/−	Th9 differentiation ↑	Rivera Vargas et al. (2017)