Table 3.
Association of weekly sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption and study variables.
| SSB consumption in a week | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (any amount = 1, none = 0) | |||
| Variables | AOR | 95% CI | p value |
| Age (Ref: 15–24 years) | |||
| 25–34 years | 0.72 | (0.58–0.90) | <0.001 |
| 35–44 years | 0.49 | (0.39–0.62) | <0.001 |
| 45–54 years | 0.35 | (0.27–0.45) | <0.001 |
| 55–64 years | 0.23 | (0.17–0.30) | <0.001 |
| 65+ years | 0.20 | (0.15–0.27) | <0.001 |
| Male (Ref: Female) | 1.42 | (1.25–1.61) | <0.001 |
| Marital status (Ref: Married) | |||
| Separated/Widowed/Divorced | 0.91 | (0.76–1.08) | 0.27 |
| Never married | 1.49 | (1.23–1.81) | <0.001 |
| Region (Ref: Riyadh) | |||
| Western region | 0.88 | (0.73–1.07) | 0.20 |
| Madinah | 0.32 | (0.26–0.40) | <0.001 |
| Qaseem | 0.51 | (0.40–0.66) | <0.001 |
| Eastern region | 0.77 | (0.62–0.96) | 0.02 |
| Asser/Bisha | 0.70 | (0.57–0.85) | <0.001 |
| Tabouk | 1.03 | (0.79–1.35) | 0.82 |
| Hail | 1.04 | (0.83–1.31) | 0.71 |
| Northern borders | 1.02 | (0.79–1.32) | 0.85 |
| Jazan | 0.55 | (0.44–0.69) | <0.001 |
| Najran | 1.13 | (0.89–1.42) | 0.31 |
| Albaha | 1.25 | (0.98–1.59) | 0.07 |
| AlJouf/Quriat | 0.91 | (0.70–1.19) | 0.50 |
| Education (Ref: Primary) | |||
| Intermediate, secondary, or technical | 1.14 | (0.99–1.31) | 0.07 |
| Tertiary education | 1.07 | (0.90–1.28) | 0.43 |
| Income (Ref: <3,000 SR) | |||
| 3,000 to less than 5,000 SR | 1.05 | (0.88–1.25) | 0.60 |
| 5,000 to less than 7,000 SR | 0.98 | (0.81–1.18) | 0.81 |
| 7,000 to less than 10,000 SR | 0.73 | (0.60–0.88) | <0.001 |
| 10,000 to less than 15,000 SR | 0.81 | (0.66–0.99) | 0.04 |
| ≥15,000 SR | 0.77 | (0.62–0.96) | 0.02 |
| Employment (Ref: Employed) | |||
| Unemployed | 0.82 | (0.68–0.98) | 0.03 |
| Out of labor force | 0.88 | (0.76–1.02) | 0.08 |
| BMI (Ref: <25) | |||
| BMI: 25–30 | 0.91 | (0.80–1.03) | 0.15 |
| BMI: 30+ | 1.00 | (0.87–1.14) | 0.96 |
| Smoking status (Ref: never smoker) | |||
| Ex-smoker | 1.10 | (0.86–1.41) | 0.45 |
| Current smoker | 1.12 | (0.95–1.33) | 0.18 |
| Fast food (Ref: No weekly consumption) | |||
| 1–2 times in a week | 2.82 | (2.51–3.17) | <0.001 |
| 2+ times in a week | 3.88 | (3.18–4.73) | <0.001 |
| Fruit intake daily (Ref: 0–2 serves) | |||
| 3–4 serves | 1.05 | (0.75–1.46) | 0.78 |
| 5+ serves | 0.71 | (0.49–1.04) | 0.08 |
| Vegetables intake daily (Ref: 0–2 serves) | |||
| 3–4 serves | 0.63 | (0.51–0.78) | <0.001 |
| 5+ serves | 0.63 | (0.47–0.84) | <0.001 |
| Watching TV daily (Ref: <2 h) | |||
| 2–4 h | 1.10 | (0.94–1.29) | 0.24 |
| 4+ h | 1.31 | (1.01–1.70) | 0.04 |
| Physical activity (Ref: No) | |||
| Physical activity (low) | 0.98 | (0.82–1.17) | 0.84 |
| Physical activity (moderate) | 0.89 | (0.74–1.05) | 0.17 |
| Physical activity (high) | 0.97 | (0.79–1.19) | 0.75 |
| Attitude about fast food (Ref: Not healthy) | |||
| Healthy | 1.32 | (1.02–1.69) | 0.03 |
| Do not know | 0.87 | (0.74–1.03) | 0.10 |
| Diabetes (Ref: No) | 0.67 | (0.57–0.79) | <0.001 |
| N | 10,118 | ||