Summary of non-covalently immobilized heterogeneous molecular electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction.

Catalyst	V vs. RHE	j (mA cm−2)	FE% (CO)	TOF (s−1)	Ref.
Fe-TPP	−0.8	7.8	54%	0.02	86
Fe-TPP–NH2	−0.8	12.9	79%	0.05	86
Fe-TPP–adj(NH2)2	−0.8	8.0	70%	0.03	86
Fe-Tetra-Py	−0.7	19.6	37	0.9	74
Fe-Cis-Py	−0.7	30.4	67	3.49	74
Fe-Tri-OMe-Py	−0.7	−23	50	1.49	74
Fe-TPP-dimer	−0.8	16	89	10.2	81
CoPc–CNT	−0.63	∼15	98	4.1	76
CoP–pc	−0.61	18	90	1.4	100
COF-367-Co	−0.67	3.3	90	0.53	50
CoPc–P4VP	−0.73	2.0	89	4.8	101
CoPc2	−0.67	18.1	93	6.8	95
Co-TPP	−0.8	0.9	70	2.75	79
Fe-CATpyr	−0.59	0.24	93	0.04	102
CATCO2H	−1.35	0.4	80	0.05	103
CoFPC	−0.9	6.0	88	2.05	75
CoTAP	−0.8	2.5	86	2	104
Co-TPP	−0.9	0.8	52	4.5	105
FePGH	−0.4	2.8	96	0.8	106
NiPor-CTF	−0.9	42	97	0.47	107
N–CoMe2Pc/NRGO	−0.8	8.7	90	1	108
FePc-Gr75	−0.6	1.7	90	—	109
CoPc/Znln2S4	−0.83	8.1	92.6	—	110
PCN-222(Fe)/C	−0.6	1.2	91	1.2	111
Ni-TPP–NItBu	−0.5	22	94	7.2	47
Co-qpyCOOH/CNT	−0.65	6.7	100	0.28	112
CoTPyPP/CNT	−0.6	7.5	95	2.1	54