FIGURE 1.

Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with 66.5% ethanol (EtOH), 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 1% potassium monopersulfate (KMPS), 100 ppm chlorine dioxide (ClO₂), and 500 ppm ClO₂ during the quantitative carrier test 2 (QCT-2 assay). Inoculated carriers were subjected to various durations of exposure with each of the examined disinfectants. All carriers were neutralized in a pre-determined neutralizer following indicated exposure times, with subsequent viability testing in Vero E6 cells. Dashed lines indicate limits of quantification using the TCID₅₀ assay. Toxicity LOD (i.e., limit of detection) reflects residual cytotoxicity in neat dilutions from neutralized carriers. Results represent the means of three independent experiments including three biological replicates each. Symbol *Indicates presence of viable virus in safety testing of a single biological replicate from the indicated treatment group.