Table 2.
The annual costs of dementia per patient in LMICs according to cognitive level inflated to year 2019 in US dollar
| Study | Country | n | Direct cost (US$) | Indirect cost (US$) | Total cost (US$) | ||||||
| Mild | Moderate | Severe | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Mild | Moderate | Severe | |||
| Absolute cost | |||||||||||
| Aajami et al, 201923 | Iran | 300 | 590.78 | 1170.67 | 2666.67 | 0 | 616.64 | 709.21 | 590.78 | 1787.31 | 3375.88 |
| Allegri et al, 200724 | Argentina | 100 | 439.23 | 588.56 | 1240.19 | 238.88 | 263.27 | 203.44 | 678.24 | 851.82 | 1443.63 |
| Ferretti et al, 201826 | Brazil | 156 | 627.87 | 743.89 | 927.15 | 6827.71 | 13 276.62 | 7428.87 | 12 095.44 | 20 369.70 | 16 468.05 |
| Kongpakwattana et al, 201928 | Thailand | 148 | 3872.72 | 5677.09 | 6193.22 | 2272.90 | 3002.96 | 4777.47 | 6145.62 | 8680.04 | 10 970.68 |
| Koris, 201844 | Malaysia | 404 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3347.95 | 3884.66 | 4971.63 |
| Prada et al, 201739* | Colombia | 340 | 1151.41 | 1776.17 | 5723.13 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Rao and Bharath, 201332 | India | NA | 383.06 | 1428.89 | 2286.50 | 461.21 | 807.11 | 1153.02 | 844.27 | 2236.00 | 3439.53 |
| Wang et al, 200846 | China | 66 | 1680.55 | 1683.64 | 1902.71 | 958.05 | 1920.83 | 3755.19 | 2638.80 | 3604.68 | 5658.11 |
| Yan et al, 201936 | China | 3046 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 13 340.58 | 16 472.38 | 25 510.66 |
| Zencir et al, 200537* | Turkey | 42 | 1792.27 | 2626.46 | 2645.26 | 160.42 | 1624.11 | 2743.73 | 1953.80 | 4250.57 | 5454.27 |
| Mean | 1317.24 | 1961.92 | 2948.11 | 1559.88 | 3073.08 | 2967.27 | 4626.17 | 6904.13 | 8588.05 | ||
| Median | 889.64 | 1556.26 | 2465.88 | 461.21 | 1624.11 | 2743.73 | 2638.80 | 3884.66 | 5454.27 | ||
| Attributable cost | |||||||||||
| Liu, 201345 | Cuba | 323 | 97.02 | 1077.21 | 432.39 | 447.46 | 9934.47 | 13 574.40 | 557.44 | 11 011.68 | 14 006.79 |
| Liu, 201345 | Dominican Republic | 242 | 18.41 | 445.40 | 823.73 | 127.57 | 3791.62 | 6460.09 | 145.98 | 4236.59 | 7283.82 |
| Liu, 201345 | Peru | 166 | 153.95 | 1521.06 | 1363.77 | 703.92 | 8448.67 | 11 668.73 | 857.86 | 9970.29 | 13 033.06 |
| Liu, 201345 | Venezuela | 145 | 0.01 | 0.15 | NA | 0.02 | 0.66 | NA | 0.03 | 0.81 | NA |
| Liu, 201345 | Mexico | 180 | 33.06 | 143.25 | 1007.72 | 254.00 | 5705.83 | 14 697.09 | 287.05 | 5849.09 | 15 704.82 |
| Liu, 201345 | China | 140 | 35.27 | 1713.32 | 2112.41 | 429.41 | 8296.82 | 11 502.56 | 464.06 | 10 010.76 | 13 614.98 |
| Liu, 201345 | India | 183 | 14.32 | 44.59 | 126.00 | 114.14 | 3523.12 | 5231.09 | 128.46 | 3478.94 | 5357.09 |
| Prada et al, 201739* | Colombia | 1020 | Ref. | 171.42 | 2201.03 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Mean attributable cost | 50.29 | 628.40 | 1152.44 | 296.64 | 5671.60 | 10 522.33 | 348.70 | 6365.45 | 11 500.09 | ||
| Median attributable cost | 33.06 | 308.41 | 1007.72 | 254.00 | 5705.83 | 11 585.65 | 287.05 | 5849.09 | 13 324.02 | ||
*Direct cost comprises direct medical cost only (no direct non-medical cost).
LMICs, low- and middle-income countries; NA, not available.