Fig. 23. OPV device performance and characterization. (a) Energy band diagram of the OPV device. (b) Current vs. potential (J–V) curves (inset: OPV device with the structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/TiOx/Al). (c) Photovoltaic response, and (d) EQE spectra of OPV devices (this figure has been adapted/reproduced from ref. 149 with permission from Elsevier, Copyright 2021).
