Fig. 3.

Expression of the genes encoding transcription factors (EIL, ERFs) and chitinases (CHNs) associated with ethylene signaling pathway in SL and ALT301 under normal growth condition. Gene expression analysis was performed by real-time RT-PCR. Values are the mean ± SE (n = 3–5 from three to five independent experiments, respectively). Significant differences between SL and ALT301 are indicated with asterisks (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, Welch’s t-test). Ethylene signaling pathway in Arabidopsis (Kazan 2015) is shown (top). Group names of the ERF genes are indicated, which is based on Rushton et al. (2008) and Nakano et al. (2006). Note that some of the ERF genes have several synonyms (see the National Center for Biotechnology Information [NCBI] database using the gene accessions listed in Supplementary Table S6). Abbreviations: ETR1, Ethylene Response1; CTR1, Constitutive Triple Response1; EIN2, Ethylene Insensitive2; EIN3, Ethylene Insensitive3; EIL1, Ethylene Insensitive-Like Protein1; ERF, Ethylene Response Factor. The gene Tsi1 encodes Tobacco stress-induced gene1.