Figure 4.

Schematic depiction of next‐generation human organ models to meet the needs of virology research. Organoids and organ chips are useful platforms for addressing COVID‐19 challenges, but they still have limited capacities. Advanced human organ models could be realized by integrating organoids and organ chips with other approaches, including 3D bioprinting, multi‐omics, biosensors, and artificial intelligence. It is expected the next generation of human organ models will uncover signatures in pathogen transmission and provide new opportunities for systemic response analysis, personalized medicine, and novel drug and vaccine development.