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. 2022 Mar 22;13:852848. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.852848

Table 2.

Results per item after the second round of the DELPHI study (median scores and IQR).

Factors Reporting Controlling
Items Median % positive responses IQR Median % positive responses IQR
Subjects
Age 5 100% 0 5 89% 0
Sex, gender 5 100% 0 5 83% 0.75
Handedness or footedness 4 78% 1 4 61% 1
Details on the conditions on a participant basis (e.g., specify if affected side was dominant/non dominant previous to the diagnosis) 5 78% 1 5 72% 1.75
Previous experience with rPMS (e.g., participation in previous studies) 4 72% 0.75 4 61% 1.75
Prescribed medication and CNS active drugs 5 100% 0 5 83% 0
Presence/intensity or absence of symptoms related to the health condition (e.g., level of acute pain, level of spasticity, inter-ictal period or migraine) 5 89% 0 5 83% 0.75
Comorbidity (e.g., presence of neurological/psychiatric disorders) 5 94% 0 5 89% 0
Exclusion criteria related to rPMS 5 100% 0 N/A N/A
Hormonal/menstrual cycle of female subjects 3 17% 0.75 3 17% 1
Chronic substance intake (e.g., alcohol, drugs, nicotine) 3 50% 1.75 4 56% 2
Substance intake at the day of testing (e.g., alcohol, drugs, nicotine) 4 61% 2 4 61% 2
Habitual physical activity 3 39% 1 3 39% 1
Body Mass Index (BMI) 3 39% 1 3 33% 1
Methodology
Coil location and how optimal placement was defined/reached 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Coil type (size and geometry) 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Coil orientation 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Direction of induced current 5 94% 0 5 89% 0
Technical specifics of coil (e.g., maximum magnetic field strength, discharge time) 5 94% 0 5 89% 0
Type of stimulator used (e.g., brand) 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Pulse shape (e.g., monophasic or biphasic) 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Pulse duration 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Cooling used for the coil during stimulation 5 89% 1 5 78% 1
Use of navigation, if any (e.g., navigation type) 5 100% 0 5 89% 0.75
Sham procedures, if any 5 100% 0 5 100% 0
Level of expertise and training of rPMS operator 4 61% 1 4 78% 0.75
Number of different operators 4 67% 2 4 72% 1.75
Side effects (e.g., discomfort, pain) 5 89% 0 N/A N/A N/A
Time of day tested 4 67% 1.75 4 61% 2
Subject attention (level of arousal) during stimulation 3 44% 1 4 78% 1
Condition of muscle activity during rPMS (e.g., stimulation with subject at rest or while performing an isometric activity, or subject performing a task) 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Presence of hyperalgesia of muscles treated, before and during rPMS (in case of pain disorders) 5 94% 0.75 5 89% 0.75
Level of relaxation of muscles not stimulated during rPMS 4 61% 2 5 61% 2
Stimulation protocol
Paradigm of stimulation (e.g., continuous, intermittent) 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Stimulation frequency 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Stimulation intensity 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Method for choosing the stimulation intensity (e.g., relation to % of max stimulator output, relation to a sensation/contraction threshold) 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Duty cycle (duration of ON and OFF periods for intermittent protocols) 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Number of pulses in a burst 5 94% 0 5 89% 0
Number of bursts in a train 5 100% 0 5 89% 0
Number of trains in one session 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Total number of pulses 5 94% 0 5 94% 0
Total duration of one session 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Total numbers of sessions and time frame (e.g., every second day) 5 100% 0 5 94% 0
Analyses
Number of stimuli required to determine the optimal location (i.e., potential effects of stimuli already administered prior to the onset of treatment) 4 61% 1 4 61% 1.75
Number of stimuli required to determine stimulation intensity (i.e., potential effects of stimuli already administered prior to the onset of treatment) 4 61% 1 4 61% 1.75

% positive responses, % responders having scored 4 or 5 on the Likert scale; IQR, interquartile range. Items bolded were scored higher than the cut-off of 75% positive responses.