TABLE 2.
Biochemical and hormonal parameters measured at baseline and after 1 month of placebo or empagliflozin.
| Placebo (n = 13) | Empagliflozin 10 mg (n = 26) | Placebo vs. Empa | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Blood | Baseline | 1 month | Delta | P-value | Baseline | 1 month | Delta | P-value | P-value |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 4.81 ± 0.40 | 4.84 ± 0.34 | + 0.02 ± 0.24 | 0.4 | 4.82 ± 0.37 | 4.72 ± 0.35 | −0.1 ± 0.38 | 0.9 | 0.2 |
| Insulin (mmol/l) | 6.87 ± 3.04 | 6.90 ± 3.32 | + 0.02 ± 2.46 | 0.9 | 6.79 ± 5.24 | 7.78 ± 5.10 | +0.99 ± 4.42 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | + 0.0 ± 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | +0.2 ± 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
| Ht,% | 42.3 ± 3.4 | 42.0 ± 3.0 | −0.3 ± 1.2 | 0.4 | 41.7 ± 3.2 | 42.3 ± 3.3 | +0.6 ± 1.9 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| Hb, g/l | 145 ± 12.3 | 145 ± 11.0 | −0.2 ± 3.7 | 0.8 | 143 ± 11.4 | 146 ± 12.6 | +2.5 ± 5.4 | 0.02 | 0.06 |
| Sodium (mmol/l) | 139 ± 1.3 | 139 ± 1.6 | +0.2 ± 1.5 | 0.3 | 139 ± 1.7 | 139 ± 1.6 | −0.3 ± 1.8 | 0.8 | 0.4 |
| Potassium (mmol/l) | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | +0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.09 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | +0.0 ± 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| Creatinine (umol/l) | 74.7 ± 11.3 | 74.3 ± 11.6 | −0.4 ± 8.6 | 0.4 | 76.6 ± 11.4 | 76.3 ± 12.5 | −0.3 ± 6.9 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Urea (mmol/l) | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 4.0 ± 0.9 | −0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 4.1 ± 0.8 | +0.1 ± 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.05 |
| Urate (umol/l) | 274 ± 73.2 | 286 ± 91.1 | +11.3 ± 35.5 | 0.2 | 303 ± 69.4 | 217 ± 52.5 | −85.5 ± 35.6 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/l) | 24.4 ± 1.9 | 25.2 ± 1.7 | +0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.02 | 24.6 ± 2.5 | 24.5 ± 1.9 | −0.1 ± 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
| Plasma osmolality (mOsm/l) | 300 ± 11.2 | 298 ± 4.5 | −2.8 ± 10.4 | 0.4 | 300 ± 6.1 | 299 ± 9.1 | −0.4 ± 8.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| Metanephrine (nmol/l) | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.06 | + 0.004 ± 0.02 | 0.5 | 0.16 ± 0.07 | 0.16 ± 0.06 | −0.006 ± 0.03 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Normetanephrine (nmol/l) | 0.21 ± 0.09 | 0.20 ± 0.09 | −0.007 ± 0.05 | 0.6 | 0.20 ± 0.07 | 0.19 ± 0.06 | −0.007 ± 0.05 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
| PRA (ng/ml/h) | 0.48 ± 0.24 | 0.43 ± 0.25 | −0.05 ± 0.22 | 0.5 | 0.63 ± 0.44 | 0.81 ± 0.44 | +0.18 ± 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| Aldosterone, pmol/l | 42.7 ± 25.7 | 55.5 ± 27.2 | +12.8 ± 27.4 | 0.06 | 66.3 ± 55.8 | 103 ± 83.4 | +36.9 ± 61.3 | 0.002 | 0.09 |
| Copeptin, pmol/l | 5.3 ± 3.5 | 4.5 ± 1.9 | −0.8 ± 2.5 | 0.3 | 5.7 ± 4.9 | 6.5 ± 4.1 | +0.8 ± 3.7 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; HT, hematocrit, HB, hemoglobin; and PRA, plasma renin activity.