Comparison of analytical parameters for the determination of 4-NP using Ag-based electrochemical sensors.

Electrodes	Synthetic methods	Size of AgNPs (nm)	Technique	Linear range (μM)	LOD (μM)	Enhanced mechanism	Ref.
Bio-AgNPs/SPE	Green electrochemistry	34	DPV	0.1–25	—	Enhance the electron transfer kinetic and electrode stability via the bonding formation between bio-AgNPs with SPE	14
Ag-rGO/GCE	Chemical reduction	60	DPV	2–150	2	Increase electroactive surface area, electron transfer via the effective combination between AgNPs and rGO	35
Bio-AgNPs/GCE	Chemical	10–50	DPV	0.1–350	0.015	Increase electrocatalytic ability, electron conductivity, and compatibility of AgNPs	13
AgNWs/GCE	Chemical	70	DPV	0.6–32	0.052	Enhance electrical conductivity, catalytic activity, and interaction between the electrode surface and 4-NP	12
rGO-HNT-AgNP/SPE	Chemical	10	DPV	0.1–363.9	0.0486	Increase electroactive surface area, and electrocatalytic activity	36
						Decrease electro-transfer resistance
rGO-Ag/GCE	Chemical	20	AP	1–1110	0.32	Enhance electron transfer via strong interaction between rGO and AgNPs	37
Bio-AgNPs/GCE	Chemical	15–24	DPV	0.09–82.5	0.06	Increase surface area, catalytic capability, and high adsorptivity	38
rGO-Ag/GCE	Chemical	16	SWW	10–101	0.0012	Improve surface area, electron-transfer kinetic	9
TA@Fe3O4–AgNPs/GCE	Chemical	10	DPV	0.1–680.1	0.033	Improve electron transport performance and enhance 4-NP adsorption on the electrode surface	39
GT-AgNPs/SPE	Green electrochemistry	11	DPV	0.5–50	0.42	Increase electroactive surface area, electron-transfer kinetics, and electrode stability	This work
MP-AgNPs/SPE		13		1–50	0.63
GP-AgNPs/SPE		19		5–50	0.82