Table 3.

Univariate (Crude-OR) and multivariate (Adjusted-OR) analysis of factors associated with bullying phenomenon (average physical, verbal, indirect bullying or observer prevalence with the five-question method) in the study population (n = 867)

Factors associated with bullying phenomenon
	Crude-OR	CI 95%	p-value	Adj-OR	CI 95%	p-value
Age (for each additional year)	0.98	0.68–1.41	0.18	0.96	0.76–1.21	0.73
Gender (male vs female)	1.12	0.65–1.89	0.36
School year (Third Vs Second)	1.89	1.42–2.87	< 0.01	1.76	1.21–2.58	< 0.01
Nationality (Foreign vs Italian)	1.56	0.52–2.34	0.55
School SEI (for decreasing socio-economic index)	1.24	1.12–1.69	< 0.05	1.21	1.06–1.53	< 0.05