Figure 2.

Multiple enzyme‐like activities of PBNPs. A) H₂O₂ depletion of PBNPs determined by titanium sulfate method. B) CAT‐like activity and H₂O₂ depletion of PBNPs determined by disodium terephthalate (TPA‐Na). C) •OH depletion capacity of PBNPs determined by EPR. D) SOD‐like activity and O₂ ^•− depletion of PBNPs determined by EPR. E) POD‐like activity of PBNPs using OPD as the chromogenic substrate. F) GPX‐like activity of PBNPs determined by Glutathione Peroxidase Assay Kit with NADPH. G) Illustration of the multiple enzyme‐like activities of PBNPs, which are expected to scavenge the ROS in cells and alleviate the harsh oxidative stress microenvironment in degenerative disc disorders. The experiments above were repeated three times.