Table 1.
Characteristics of participants (Unweighted sample sizes and weighted %) according to cognitive impairment
| Variables | Cognitive impairment (n = 1958/N = 11,422,175) |
Non- Cognitive impairment (n = 3409/N = 37,166,712) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Alcohol (gram/day), mean ± SE | 4.62 ± 0.518 | 7.44 ± 0.413 | < 0.001 |
| Non-drinkers | 1659 (84.2) | 2580 (73.1) | < 0.001 |
| Drinkers | 266 (14.2) | 771 (25.1) | |
| Heavy drinkers | 33 (01.6) | 58 (01.9) | |
| Demographic | |||
| Age, years | < 0.001 | ||
| 70+ | 1142 (66.0) | 1498 (40.0) | |
| 60–69 | 816 (34.0) | 1911 (60.0) | |
| Gender | 0.032 | ||
| Male | 1079 (48.3) | 1556 (43.6) | |
| Race | < 0.001 | ||
| Others (including multi-racial) | 68 (03.2) | 230 (04.4) | |
| Other Hispanic | 217 (09.3) | 163 (02.4) | |
| Mexican American | 413 (07.0) | 340 (02.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 548 (17.4) | 488 (05.0) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 712 (63.2) | 2188 (86.0) | |
| Education | < 0.001 | ||
| Under 12th grade | 1142 (48.9) | 594 (13.1) | |
| High school graduate | 412 (25.5) | 864 (25.2) | |
| College or above | 398 (25.5) | 1950 (61.8) | |
| Marital status | < 0.001 | ||
| Married/Living with partner | 1003 (52.7) | 2143 (68.8) | |
| Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 808 (43.1) | 1061 (27.9) | |
| Never married | 90 (04.2) | 134 (03.4) | |
| Income ratio | < 0.001 | ||
| < 1 (Below poverty level) | 490 (23.9) | 297 (06.3) | |
| 1–1.99 | 718 (40.1) | 746 (20.2) | |
| 2–3.99 | 366 (22.9) | 1001 (32.7) | |
| 4–5 (richest) | 186 (13.2) | 1058 (40.7) | |
| Lifestyle | |||
| Smoking | 0.466 | ||
| Current smoker | 281 (12.5) | 381 (11.0) | |
| Former smoker | 755 (39.8) | 1375 (40.0) | |
| Non-smoker | 919 (47.7) | 1649 (49.0) | |
| Physical activity | < 0.001 | ||
| Active | 491 (32.7) | 1365 (51.8) | |
| Inactive | 839 (67.3) | 1282 (48.2) | |
| BMI | 0.155 | ||
| Underweight | 36 (02.3) | 38 (01.3) | |
| Normal | 498 (28.0) | 865 (25.9) | |
| Overweight | 699 (35.8) | 1266 (37.5) | |
| Obese | 635 (33.9) | 1183 (35.3) | |
| Attend social events | < 0.001 | ||
| Difficulty | 372 (21.3) | 295 (07.3) | |
| No difficulty | 1516 (78.7) | 3075 (92.7) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 575 (28.0) | 702 (18.0) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1220 (65.0) | 1856 (51.7) | < 0.001 |
| Stroke | 207 (11.5) | 149 (04.4) | < 0.001 |
| CKD | 428 (30.9) | 397 (13.5) | < 0.001 |
SE: Standard Error; BMI: Body Mass Index; CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease