FIG. 4.
Oxidation of mitochondrial DAMPs and its consequences. Oxidized mitochondrial DAMPs can gain access to the cytoplasm of innate immune cells and subsequently activate PRRs. What level of oxidation of mitochondrial DAMPs defines their pro- or anti-inflammatory properties was—as of now—not studied and might depend on the organ that the particular innate immune cell will be infiltrating. CytC, cytochrome C.