Table 2.

Implication of Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Disease Pathogenesis

Enzyme	Disease implications
TAL	Autoimmunity (multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE) (24, 149), acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity (125)
SOD	ALS (36), HCC (40), hypertension (99), ARDS (52)
Catalase	Diabetes mellitus, acatalasemia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vitiligo (121)
Glutathione peroxidase	Cancer (12), diabetes mellitus (108), cardiovascular disease (108)
Glutathione reductase	Hemolytic anemia, cardiovascular disease (3)
AR	Diabetes mellitus (185), cardiovascular disease (154), reperfusion injury (159)
IDH2	Carcinogenesis (gliomas and AML, predominantly) (113)
NNT	Heart failure (157), familial glucocorticoid deficiency 1 (110), primary adrenal insufficiency (143)
G6PD	Hemolysis and favism in response to oxidative stress (47)

Enzymes responsible for catalyzing antioxidant reactions in the human body are also implicated in human disease.

ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; AR, aldose reductase; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IDH2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2; NNT, nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TAL, transaldolase.