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. 2022 Mar 22;13:831763. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831763

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Copyright © 2022 Schroeder and Bieneman

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A-E) Chemokines linked to COVID-19 are induced by the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The same culture supernatants described in Figure 1 were also assayed for the indicated chemokines using multiplex analysis. Box-Whisker plots (Tukey’s method) represent results from different donor cell preparations (n=7). Responses to spike protein components were tested for significance by comparing to medium/IL-3 controls. **P<0.01, *P<0.05.