Table 4.

Multivariate analysis of overall survival with Cox proportional hazard model stratified by surgery.

	Received surgery				No surgery
	HR	95% CI		P-value	HR		95% CI	P-value
Age, years
65-74 versus <50	1.33	1.12	1.58	.001	1.16	0.94	1.42	.160
75+ versus <50	1.86	1.57	2.19	<.001	1.32	1.06	1.64	.015
Sex
Female versus male	0.91	0.80	1.05	.198	0.94	0.78	1.12	.475
Race
Other versus white	1.13	0.93	1.36	.216	0.95	0.76	1.18	.618
Diagnosis Year
2009-2012 versus 2004-2008	0.90	0.77	1.04	.156	0.98	0.80	1.21	.857
2013-2016 versus 2004-2008	0.69	0.58	0.82	<.001	0.86	0.70	1.06	.160
Primary site
Anus versus colon	2.23	1.50	3.34	<.001	1.31	0.75	2.30	.348
Esophagus versus colon	2.00	1.46	2.73	<.001	1.15	0.68	1.93	.608
Gallbladder versus colon	1.89	1.34	2.67	<.001	1.86	0.93	3.72	.080
Pancreas versus colon	1.46	1.16	1.84	.001	1.19	0.71	1.99	.507
Rectum versus colon	1.35	1.09	1.67	.006	1.06	0.62	1.82	.833
Gastric versus colon	1.27	1.02	1.59	.036	0.96	0.56	1.65	.873
Morphology
Large cell and others versus small cell	1.00	0.83	1.20	1.000	1.19	0.99	1.43	.062
Charlson Comorbidity
1 versus none	1.09	0.93	1.28	.289	1.28	1.02	1.61	.030
2+ versus none	1.37	1.09	1.71	.006	1.60	1.19	2.16	.002
Stage
Stage III versus stages I-II	2.01	1.72	2.34	<.001	1.27	1.06	1.51	.008
Radiation
Yes versus no	0.97	0.80	1.18	.761	0.57	0.46	0.69	<.001
Chemotherapy
Yes versus no	0.79	0.67	0.92	.002	0.62	0.50	0.77	<.001