FIGURE 3.

Treatment with KY19334, CXXC5‐Dvl PPI inhibitor, improves obesity‐related insulin resistance with long‐lasting effect. C57BL/6 mice fed NCD or HFD for 18 weeks were p.o. administered KY19334 (25 mg/kg/d) or sitagliptin (50 mg/kg/d) for 5 days on weeks 8 and 12 (n = 10 per group). (A) Fasting glucose. (B) Glucose and insulin tolerance tests and area under the curve (AUC). (C) Plasma insulin concentration in the overnight fasted state (left panel) and HOMA‐IR (right panel). (D) Percentage of fat and lean mass. (E) The mouse adipokine and adipokine‐related protein array in plasma (left panel). The quantification mean intensity values of proteins of angiopoietin‐like protein‐3 (ANGPTL‐3), DPP4, IGFBP‐5, Leptin, Resistin and PAI‐1 (right panel). (F) Flow cytometry analysis of the expression of F4/80 and Cd11b and percentage of F4/80⁺Cd11b⁺ cells are shown. (G) Representative IHC images for β‐catenin, Cxxc5. (H) Representative IHC images for F4/80 and Cxxc5. (I) The correlation of cytosolic Cxxc5 and nucleus β‐catenin expression with the number of CLSs. Scale bars = 100 μm. All data are presented as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 determined by Student's t‐test