Table 5.
Association of gene expression with atherosclerotic lesion and cardiometabolomic risk indicators∗
| Atherosclerotic lesion severity | LDL cholesterol | HDL cholesterol | Triglyceride | TNF-α | hsCRP | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Gene symbol | Gene name | r (P value) | r (P value) | r (P value) | r (P value) | r (P value) | r (P value) |
|
| |||||||
| Differentially expressed genes† | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| SCD | Stearoyl-CoA desaturase | 0.43 (.02)‖ | O.68 (<.0003)¶ | 0.55 (.002)‖ | 0.30 (.12) | –0.02 (.94) | 0.28 (.14) |
| FADS1 | Fatty acids desaturase 1 | –0.58 (.001)‖ | –0.29 (.12) | –0.19 (.32) | 0.36 (.06) | –0.44(.03)‖ | –0.30 (.11) |
| SQLE | Squalene epoxidase | –0.75 (<.0 003)¶ | –0.55(.002)¶ | –0.39(.04)‖ | 0.20 (.32) | –0.30 (.14) | –0.30 (.11) |
| Genes in “Interferon Signaling” pathway‡ | |||||||
| IFI6 | Interferon alfa inducible protein 6 | 0.33 (.08) | 0.01 (.98) | –0.17 (.38) | –0.33 (.09) | 0.47 (.02)‖ | 0.24 (.21) |
| IFIT1 | interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 | 0.10 (.61) | –0.26 (.18) | –0.29 (.12) | –0.20 (.30) | 0.42 (.04)‖ | 0.28 (.14) |
| ISG15 | 1SG15 ubiquitin like modifier | 0.15 (.44) | –0.12 (.54) | –0.20 (.30) | –0.25 (.20) | 0.52 (.008)‖ | 0.19 (.33) |
| MX1 | MX Dynamin like GTPase 1 | 0.22 (.26) | 0.01 (.95) | –0.19 (.33) | –0.21 (.27) | 0.26 (.21) | 0.17 (.37) |
| Genes in “Phospholipase” pathway‡ | |||||||
| LIPC | Lipase C hepatic type | 0.03 (.87) | –0.08 (.67) | –0.06 (.77) | –0.50 (.007)‖ | –0.04 (.83) | –0.11 (.57) |
| LIPG | Lipase G endothelial type | –0.35 (.07) | –0.20 (.30) | –0.35 (.06) | –0.07 (.73) | –0.32 (.12) | –0.66 (<.0003) |
| PLA2G2D | Phospholipase A2 group IID | –0.25 (.19) | –0.60 (.001)‖ | –0.50 (.006)‖ | –0.5 (.001)‖ | 0.09 (.66) | –0.25 (.19) |
| PLB1 | Phospholipase 81 | –0.06 (.75) | –0.07 (.71) | –0.26 (.17) | 0.14 (.47) | –0.27 (.20) | –0.26 (.17) |
| Genes in “Inflammation of Organ” functional annotation§ | |||||||
| ACKR1 | Atypical chemokine receptor 1 | –0.24 (.20) | 0.00 (.98) | –0.15 (.43) | 0.11 (.56) | –0.54 (.005)‖ | –0.30 (.11) |
| ADA | Adenosine deaminase | –0.35 (.06) | –0.15 (.44) | –0.15 (.45) | –0.01 (.96) | 0.01 (.98) | 0.26 (.18) |
| DMBT1 | Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 | –0.03 (.89) | 0.14 (.46) | –0.04 (.82) | 0.02 (.90) | –0.30 (.15) | –0.10 (.61) |
| GCNT3 | Glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 3 | –0.16 (.39) | –0.07 (.70) | –0.08 (.69) | 0.12 (.53) | 0.36 (.07) | –0.14 (.47) |
| GPX2 | Glutathione peroxidase 2 | –0.16 (.40) | –0.17 (.38) | –0.40 (.03)‖ | –0.11 (.58) | –0.45 (.03)‖ | –0.47 (.01)‖ |
| LDLR | Low-density lipoprotein receptor | –0.64 (<.0003) | –0.60 (<.001)‖ | –0.39 (.04) | 0.00 (.98) | –0.20 (.34) | –0.39 (.04) |
| LECT2 | Leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 2 | 0.02 (.92) | –0.03 (.87) | 0.03 (.87) | –0.03 (.90) | 0.09 (.68) | 0.02 (.93) |
| NOS2 | Nitric oxide synthase 2 | –0.18 (.35) | –0.06 (.76) | –0.30 (.12) | 0.04 (.83) | –0.26 (.22) | –0.33 (.08) |
| OLFM4 | Olfactomedin 4 | –0.19 (.32) | –0.06 (.74) | –0.16 (.42) | –0.08 (.68) | –0.51 (.01)‖ | –0.35 (.07) |
| PGLYRP2 | Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 | –0.32 (.09) | –0.11 (.56) | –0.19 (.32) | 0.12 (.54) | –0.40 (.05)‖ | –0.29 (.13) |
| PLA2G2D | Phospholipase A2 group IID | –0.25 (.19) | –0.60 (.001)‖ | –0.50 (.006)‖ | –0.58 (.001)‖ | 0.09 (.66) | –0.25 (.19) |
| SELP | Selectin P | –0.15 (.44) | 0.17 (.38) | 0.04 (.85) | 0.27 (.17) | –0.62 (.001)‖ | –0.29 (.13) |
| SFTPD | Surfactant protein D | 0.00 (1.00) | –0.07 (.70) | –0.18 (.35) | –0.23 (.23) | –0.44 (.03)‖ | 0.02 (.93) |
| SPP1 | Secreted phosphoprotein 1 | 0.27 (.15) | –0.11 (.55) | –0.16 (.42) | –0.60 (<.001)‖ | 0.26 (.21) | 0.32 (.09) |
| TNFRSF21 | TNF receptor superfamily member 21 | –0.03 (.87) | 0.19 (.32) | –0.05 (.78) | 0.23 (.24) | –0.49(.01)‖ | –0.14 (.48) |
| TNFSF15 | TNF superfamily member 15 | 0.09 (.64) | –0.09 (.66) | 0.09 (.64) | –0.06 (.76) | 0.31 (.13) | 0.31 (.10) |
| VIP | Vasoactive intestinal peptide | –0.24 (.22) | –0.03 (.88) | –0.11 (.56) | 0.11 (.59) | –0.05 (.81) | –0.11 (.57) |
hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Analysis conducted independent of treatments (n = 29, except for triglyceride [n = 28] and TNF-α [n = 25]). Atherosclerotic lesion severity was assessed by Stary score in left anterior descending-left circumflex bifurcation arteries.
Differentially expressed genes altered by dietary patterns.
Identified genes in biological pathways (by IPA) altered by dietary patterns.
Identified genes in “inflammation of organ” module of Disease & Function analysis (by IPA) altered by dietary patterns. Genes with certain predictive directions (“increased” or “decreased,” but not “affected”) were included.
Absolute correlation coefficient r ≥ 0.4, P ≤ .05.
Absolute correlation coefficient r ≥ 0.4, P ≤ .0003 (after Bonferroni correction).