Figure 3.

Roles of ncRNAs in pathways regulating CC-induced muscle atrophy. Four pathways regulating the process of CC-induced muscle wasting were identified: protein degradation, anomalous conversion, protein synthesis inhibition, and muscle cell apoptosis. Most studies on the relevant topic have focused on the roles of ncRNAs that regulate the expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, thereby promoting the activation of the UPS and autophagy-lysosome system (ALS). In particular, ncRNAs related to EVs are underlined.