Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with EPTB and PTB in India
| Characteristics | All TB patients (n = 885) n (%) | EPTB (n = 277) n (%) | PTB (n = 608) n (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median [IQR] | 28 [16–42] | 23 [13–34] | 30 [18–45] | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 505 (57) | 143 (52) | 362 (60) | 0.03 |
| Ever* smoked† | 166 (27) | 19 (11) | 147 (32) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol use‡ (AUDIT score ≥8)* | 167 (27) | 18 (11) | 149 (34) | <0.001 |
| HIV-infected§ | 67 (8) | 27 (11) | 40 (7) | <0.001 |
| HbA1C, %, median [IQR]* | 5.6 [5.1–6.1] | 5.2 [5.0–5.7] | 5.7 [5.1–6.3] | <0.001 |
| Body mass index in ≥15 years, kg/m2, median [IQR] | 18.2 [16.0–21.2] | 20.0 [17.3–23.8] | 17.6 [15.7–20.2] | <0.001 |
| Any reported cough (past 30 days) | 655 (74) | 90 (33) | 565 (93) | <0.001 |
| Cough >2 weeks (past 30 days) | 550 (62) | 53 (19) | 497 (82) | <0.001 |
| Fever >2 weeks (past 30 days) | 412 (47) | 83 (30) | 329 (54) | <0.001 |
| Any weight loss (past 30 days) | 569 (66) | 120 (45) | 449 (76) | <0.001 |
| Night sweats (past 30 days) | 360 (41) | 80 (29) | 280 (46) | <0.001 |
| Any CXR abnormality¶ | 679 (86) | 158 (63) | 521 (96) | <0.001 |
| CXR abnormality consistent with pulmonary TB# | 497 (73) | 61 (39) | 436 (84) | <0.001 |
| Any positive sputum TB microbiology (i.e., any AFB smear/Xpert/culture) | 528 (61) | 51 (19) | 477 (79) | <0.001 |
| Positive sputum AFB smear | 392 (45) | 11 (4) | 381 (63) | <0.001 |
| Positive sputum TB culture | 494 (57) | 36 (14) | 458 (76) | <0.001 |
| Positive sputum TB NAAT (Xpert) | 399 (53) | 18 (8) | 381 (72) | <0.001 |
* Excludes children and adolescents <18 years who were not administered the questionnaires or tested or missing data for smoking, alcohol use by AUDIT, HbA1c testing for diabetes or prediabetes.
†Self-reported current and former smoking among adults (≥18 years).
‡Self-reported use of alcohol among adults (≥18 years) in the past 12 months assessed using a 10-item AUDIT questionnaire at baseline.
§Excludes children <14 years and not born to a HIV-infected mother or with missing data.
¶Defined using Timika Scoring System (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20861290/).
#Apical infiltrates defined as opacity in the upper zone, or presence of any cavity, or miliary pattern on CXR. No pleural effusion and mediastinal nodes in the lung and not considered for findings consistent with pulmonary TB.
EPTB = extrapulmonary TB; PTB = pulmonary TB; IQR = interquartile range; AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; CXR = chest radiograph; AFB = acid-fast bacilli; NAAT = nucleic acid amplification test.