Table 2.
Sample characteristics split by sex.
| Characteristics | Female, n/N (%) | Male, n/N (%) | Gender differences | ||||
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χ2 (df) | P valuea | ||
| Age (years) | 2.05 (2) | .36 | |||||
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18-24 | 114/287 (39.7) | 37/88 (42.0) | N/Ab | N/A | ||
|
|
25-44 | 122/287 (42.5) | 41/88 (46.6) | N/A | N/A | ||
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|
≥45 | 51/287 (17.8) | 10/88 (11.4) | N/A | N/A | ||
| Relationship status | 1.87 (2) | .39 | |||||
|
|
Single, never married | 186/281 (66.2) | 57/88 (64.8) | N/A | N/A | ||
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|
Married/domestic partnership | 72/281 (25.6) | 27/88 (30.7) | N/A | N/A | ||
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|
Others | 23/281 (8.2) | 4/88 (4.5) | N/A | N/A | ||
| Ethnicity | 11.02 (5) | .05 | |||||
|
|
Asian | 28/284 (9.9) | 12/88 (13.6) | N/A | N/A | ||
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Black/African | 46/284 (16.2) | 8/88 (9.1) | N/A | N/A | ||
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|
Caucasians | 84/284 (29.6) | 27/88 (30.7) | N/A | N/A | ||
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Hispanic/Latino | 96/284 (33.8) | 26/88 (29.5) | N/A | N/A | ||
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Others | 26/284 (9.2) | 9/88 (10.2) | N/A | N/A | ||
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Prefer not to say | 4/284 (1.4) | 6/88 (6.8) | N/A | N/A | ||
| Education | 1.97 (3) | .58 | |||||
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High school/some high school | 24/286 (8.4) | 11/88 (12.5) | N/A | N/A | ||
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Some college/associate degree | 99/286 (34.6) | 33/88 (37.5) | N/A | N/A | ||
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Bachelor's degree | 90/286 (31.5) | 24/88 (27.3) | N/A | N/A | ||
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Graduate/professional school | 73/286 (25.5) | 20/88 (22.7) | N/A | N/A | ||
| Smoking | 0.28 (1) | .60 | |||||
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No | 256/286 (89.5) | 77/88 (87.5) | N/A | N/A | ||
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Yes | 30/286 (10.5) | 11/88 (12.5) | N/A | N/A | ||
| Psychological distress: female mean (SD)=4.57 (3.65), male mean (SD)=3.761 (3.09), t167.71=2.05, P=.04 | 7.12 (3) | .07 | |||||
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None to minimal | 101/287 (35.2) | 32/88 (36.4) | N/A | N/A | ||
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Mild | 85/287 (29.6) | 37/88 (42.0) | N/A | N/A | ||
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Moderate | 54/287 (18.8) | 10/88 (11.4) | N/A | N/A | ||
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Severe | 47/287 (16.4) | 9/88 (10.2) | N/A | N/A | ||
| Depression: female mean (SD)=2.105 (1.99), male mean (SD)=1.921 (1.69), t167.81=0.86, P=.39 | 0.06 (1) | .81 | |||||
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Yes (score≥3) | 97/287 (33.8) | 31/88 (35.2) | N/A | N/A | ||
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No | 190/287 (66.2) | 57/88 (64.8) | N/A | N/A | ||
| Anxiety: female mean (SD)=2.46 (1.98), male mean (SD)=1.841 (1.69), t167.43=2.91, P=.004 | 5.23 (1) | .02 | |||||
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Yes (score≥3) | 117/287 (40.8) | 24/88 (27.3) | N/A | N/A | ||
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No | 170/287 (59.2) | 64/88 (72.7) | N/A | N/A | ||
| Pandemic anxiety | 0.64 (1) | .42 | |||||
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Less than 1 day | 223/286 (78.0) | 65/88 (73.9) | N/A | N/A | ||
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At least 1 day | 63/286 (22.0) | 23/88 (26.1) | N/A | N/A | ||
| PAc | 27.10 (2) | <.001 | |||||
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Inactive | 106/253 (41.9) | 16/74 (21.6) | N/A | N/A | ||
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Minimally active | 79/253 (31.2) | 14/74 (18.9) | N/A | N/A | ||
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Highly active | 68/253 (26.9) | 44/74 (59.5) | N/A | N/A | ||
aThe P values represent chi-square/t tests of independence, indicating associations between sex and categorical variables. Categories were created for age (18-24, 25-44, and ≥45 years).
bN/A: not applicable.
cPA: physical activity.