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. 2022 Apr 4;6(4):e32387. doi: 10.2196/32387

Table 7.

Wilcoxon signed-rank tests: comparing locationsa of PAb before and during COVID-19 (split by 3 PA groups).

Ranks Parks/trails Botanical gardens Recreational sports/intramural facilities Neighborhoods Home-based activity Fitness facilities Time outdoors with animals Transportation to workplace Workplace
Inactive

Negative ranksc 40 15 17 40 29 30 12 39 19

Positive ranksd 13 4 4 15 22 5 13 7 5

Tiese 64 96 93 61 65 82 92 69 91

Z valuef –4.01 –2.02 –3.04 –3.78 –1.59 –4.35 0.18 –4.70 –3.19

P valuef <.001 .04 .002 <.001 .12 <.001 .86 <.001 .001
Minimally active

Negative ranks 28 21 24 20 21 34 17 26 14

Positive ranks 15 6 8 16 19 5 11 7 9

Ties 52 66 63 59 54 56 67 61 72

Z value –1.90 –2.52 –2.52 –0.11 –0.10 –4.29 –1.00 –3.53 –0.65

P value .06 .01 .01 .91 .92 <.001 .32 <.001 .52
Highly active

Negative ranks 18 25 25 15 15 44 11 34 18

Positive ranks 34 7 15 18 31 9 14 7 7

Ties 59 77 68 77 65 57 86 68 83

Z value 1.37 –2.55 –1.39 0.76 2.93 –4.71 0.32 –3.82 –2.33

P value .17 .01 .16 .45 .003 <.001 .75 <.001 .02

aFrequency scores of PA locations were rated as 0=never, 1=rarely, 2=sometimes, and 3=frequently.

bPA: physical activity.

cNegative ranks: during COVID-19 < before COVID-19.

dPositive ranks: during COVID-19 > before COVID-19.

eTies: post-COVID-19 score=pre-COVID-19 score.

fZ and P values represent Wilcoxon signed-rank tests indicating differences.