Table 6.
Performance measures using different classifiers
| Disease | Class | Classifier | Accuracy | Sensitivity | Specificity | Precision | Kappa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flu | YES | BUM | k-NN | 91.45 | 83 | 87 | 0.912 | 0.61 |
| NB | 91.73 | 85 | 91 | 0.934 | 0.63 | |||
| DT | 91.80 | 85 | 91.5 | 0.923 | 0.66 | |||
| LR | 93.57 | 86 | 93.7 | 0.941 | 0.74 | |||
| SVM | 94.27 | 86.01 | 94 | 0.948 | 0.82 | |||
| MLPNN | 95.70 | 88.25 | 95 | 0.951 | 0.83 | |||
| AUM | k-NN | 92.32 | 84 | 89.5 | 0.923 | 0.64 | ||
| NB | 93.21 | 86 | 92.1 | 0.947 | 0.65 | |||
| DT | 94.10 | 86 | 92.9 | 0.953 | 0.68 | |||
| LR | 94.53 | 87.9 | 93 | 0.951 | 0.8 | |||
| SVM | 96.32 | 88.01 | 94.5 | 0.958 | 0.88 | |||
| MLPNN | 97.21 | 89.30 | 95.6 | 0.961 | 0.90 | |||
| Lung congestion | YES | BUM | k-NN | 89.31 | 80.01 | 82 | 0.894 | 0.54 |
| NB | 91.89 | 81.04 | 84 | 0.901 | 0.61 | |||
| DT | 91.76 | 82.04 | 84 | 0.910 | 0.64 | |||
| LR | 92.92 | 84.08 | 86.04 | 0.921 | 0.69 | |||
| SVM | 93.48 | 86.43 | 87.09 | 0.93 | 0.78 | |||
| MLPNN | 94.35 | 88.34 | 88.56 | 0.93 | 0.80 | |||
| AUM | k-NN | 89.45 | 81.45 | 82.65 | 0.905 | 0.57 | ||
| NB | 93.46 | 82.13 | 85.1 | 0.91 | 0.64 | |||
| DT | 94.10 | 82.65 | 85.3 | 0.92 | 0.66 | |||
| LR | 94.82 | 85.43 | 87.02 | 0.92 | 0.74 | |||
| SVM | 96.12 | 87.05 | 88.48 | 0.94 | 0.84 | |||
| MLPNN | 97.10 | 89.55 | 90.10 | 0.94 | 0.86 | |||
| Diarrhea | YES | BUM | k-NN | 89.34 | 81.5 | 83.08 | 0.9 | 0.51 |
| NB | 92.01 | 81.4 | 82.37 | 0.91 | 0.62 | |||
| DT | 92.50 | 82.32 | 82.55 | 0.92 | 0.66 | |||
| LR | 92.95 | 84.31 | 84.12 | 0.908 | 0.76 | |||
| SVM | 93.5 | 86.52 | 86.39 | 0.935 | 0.85 | |||
| MLPNN | 94.5 | 88.75 | 88.40 | 0.950 | 0.87 | |||
| AUM | k-NN | 89.5 | 81.7 | 83.2 | 0.905 | 0.55 | ||
| NB | 93.5 | 82.52 | 85.5 | 0.91 | 0.69 | |||
| DT | 94.1 | 83.25 | 86.2 | 0.91 | 0.70 | |||
| LR | 94.9 | 86.01 | 87.1 | 0.923 | 0.84 | |||
| SVM | 95.5 | 87.15 | 87.8 | 0.94 | 0.91 | |||
| MLPNN | 97.1 | 88.05 | 89.1 | 0.95 | 0.93 | |||
| Anemia | YES | BUM | k-NN | 92.31 | 83.41 | 87.65 | 0.92 | 0.65 |
| NB | 92.73 | 85.05 | 91.87 | 0.94 | 0.66 | |||
| DT | 93.10 | 85.54 | 91.90 | 0.94 | 0.68 | |||
| LR | 93.87 | 86.18 | 93.98 | 0.95 | 0.78 | |||
| SVM | 95.01 | 87.12 | 94.41 | 0.96 | 0.82 | |||
| MLPNN | 96.21 | 87.50 | 94.51 | 0.96 | 0.84 | |||
| AUM | k-NN | 92.4 | 84.05 | 90.15 | 0.93 | 0.7 | ||
| NB | 93.62 | 86.24 | 92.7 | 0.95 | 0.75 | |||
| DT | 94.10 | 86.34 | 93.1 | 0.95 | 0.79 | |||
| LR | 94.8 | 88.05 | 93.4 | 0.96 | 0.85 | |||
| SVM | 96.4 | 88.01 | 94.8 | 0.965 | 0.88 | |||
| MLPNN | 97.4 | 90.08 | 95.7 | 0.971 | 0.89 | |||
| Gastrointestinal | YES | BUM | k-NN | 89.04 | 80.5 | 81.8 | 0.91 | 0.60 |
| NB | 90.92 | 81.70 | 81.7 | 0.91 | 0.64 | |||
| DT | 92.50 | 82.54 | 84.01 | 0.92 | 0.68 | |||
| LR | 92.10 | 84.10 | 85.25 | 0.93 | 0.74 | |||
| SVM | 93.85 | 86.28 | 86.95 | 0.935 | 0.82 | |||
| MLPNN | 94.75 | 89.75 | 87.40 | 0.950 | 0.86 | |||
| AUM | k-NN | 91.5 | 82.7 | 82.2 | 0.91 | 0.59 | ||
| NB | 92.6 | 82.8 | 84.5 | 0.91 | 0.70 | |||
| DT | 93.5 | 83.45 | 86.3 | 0.92 | 0.75 | |||
| LR | 94.5 | 85.01 | 87.1 | 0.923 | 0.85 | |||
| SVM | 95.1 | 87.50 | 88.8 | 0.94 | 0.92 | |||
| MLPNN | 96.6 | 89.50 | 90.1 | 0.96 | 0.94 | |||
| Flu | NO | BUM | k-NN | 86.65 | 81.2 | 85.1 | 0.9 | 0.71 |
| NB | 86.7 | 81.8 | 86.4 | 0.91 | 0.74 | |||
| DT | 87.1 | 82.4 | 86.9 | 0.92 | 0.75 | |||
| LR | 88.5 | 83 | 88.3 | 0.94 | 0.82 | |||
| SVM | 89.3 | 83.8 | 89.3 | 0.95 | 0.88 | |||
| MLPNN | 92.3 | 84.3 | 91.3 | 0.96 | 0.90 | |||
| AUM | k-NN | 88.5 | 84.8 | 87.5 | 0.92 | 0.75 | ||
| NB | 89.1 | 85.2 | 88.3 | 0.92 | 0.78 | |||
| DT | 89.5 | 86.9 | 89.9 | 0.93 | 0.81 | |||
| LR | 91.3 | 87.2 | 90.1 | 0.94 | 0.85 | |||
| SVM | 94.6 | 88.6 | 91.5 | 0.94 | 0.93 | |||
| MLPNN | 95.6 | 91.5 | 92.8 | 0.95 | 0.95 | |||
| Lung congestion | NO | BUM | k-NN | 86.54 | 82.3 | 80.0 | 0.85 | 0.64 |
| NB | 87.2 | 82.9 | 81.0 | 0.85 | 0.68 | |||
| DT | 88.6 | 83.8 | 82.0 | 0.87 | 0.69 | |||
| LR | 89.2 | 84.5 | 82.1 | 0.89 | 0.74 | |||
| SVM | 89.5 | 85.2 | 84.5 | 0.91 | 0.82 | |||
| MLPNN | 90.5 | 88.4 | 85.6 | 0.93 | 0.84 | |||
| AUM | k-NN | 87.8 | 84.9 | 82.2 | 0.90 | 0.66 | ||
| NB | 88.5 | 85.7 | 83.1 | 0.91 | 0.72 | |||
| DT | 89.1 | 86.8 | 84.2 | 0.92 | 0.75 | |||
| LR | 89.3 | 87 | 85.2 | 0.92 | 0.78 | |||
| SVM | 93.1 | 87.8 | 86.8 | 0.93 | 0.92 | |||
| MLPNN | 94.7 | 89.8 | 88.1 | 0.95 | 0.94 | |||
| Diarrhea | NO | BUM | k-NN | 85.2 | 79.5 | 82.8 | 0.88 | 0.54 |
| NB | 87.1 | 80.2 | 82.3 | 0.90 | 0.63 | |||
| DT | 88.4 | 81.3 | 83.7 | 0.91 | 0.68 | |||
| LR | 90.3 | 82.2 | 84.6 | 0.91 | 0.72 | |||
| SVM | 91.5 | 83.5 | 86.9 | 0.92 | 0.84 | |||
| MLPNN | 93.5 | 86.5 | 88.9 | 0.94 | 0.86 | |||
| AUM | k-NN | 86.2 | 80.9 | 84.2 | 0.90 | 0.62 | ||
| NB | 86.8 | 81.5 | 85.8 | 0.92 | 0.69 | |||
| DT | 87.4 | 83.2 | 86.1 | 0.92 | 0.72 | |||
| LR | 89.9 | 84 | 87.4 | 0.93 | 0.77 | |||
| SVM | 92.3 | 84.15 | 88.8 | 0.94 | 0.84 | |||
| MLPNN | 94.1 | 87.70 | 90.8 | 0.95 | 0.86 | |||
| Anemia | NO | BUM | k-NN | 86.7 | 80.4 | 80.5 | 0.89 | 0.58 |
| NB | 86.3 | 82.1 | 81.7 | 0.91 | 0.66 | |||
| DT | 87.1 | 82.9 | 84.1 | 0.92 | 0.68 | |||
| LR | 88.3 | 84.8 | 83.8 | 0.92 | 0.71 | |||
| SVM | 88.1 | 83.1 | 84.4 | 0.93 | 0.83 | |||
| MLPNN | 90.2 | 85.4 | 86.3 | 0.95 | 0.85 | |||
| AUM | k-NN | 87.4 | 84.8 | 80.9 | 0.93 | 0.64 | ||
| NB | 88.1 | 85.2 | 81.7 | 0.93 | 0.74 | |||
| DT | 89.3 | 86.4 | 83.5 | 0.94 | 0.77 | |||
| LR | 90.8 | 87.05 | 84.4 | 0.94 | 0.83 | |||
| SVM | 92.8 | 88.01 | 84.8 | 0.95 | 0.92 | |||
| MLPNN | 95.1 | 90.21 | 86.6 | 0.96 | 0.93 | |||
| Gastrointestinal | NO | BUM | k-NN | 84.7 | 80.5 | 81.3 | 0.89 | 0.61 |
| NB | 86.5 | 81.3 | 83.3 | 0.92 | 0.64 | |||
| DT | 87.3 | 82.5 | 84.1 | 0.93 | 0.72 | |||
| LR | 90.3 | 83.7 | 84.6 | 0.93 | 0.74 | |||
| SVM | 91.5 | 84.1 | 87.9 | 0.93 | 0.85 | |||
| MLPNN | 92.7 | 86.2 | 89.7 | 0.94 | 0.88 | |||
| AUM | k-NN | 86.5 | 81.9 | 84.2 | 0.90 | 0.62 | ||
| NB | 87.9 | 82.5 | 86.8 | 0.92 | 0.66 | |||
| DT | 88.4 | 83.7 | 87.9 | 0.93 | 0.75 | |||
| LR | 89.1 | 84.7 | 88.4 | 0.93 | 0.86 | |||
| SVM | 92.3 | 85.6 | 89.8 | 0.94 | 0.93 | |||
| MLPNN | 94.6 | 88.7 | 92.8 | 0.95 | 0.95 |
k-NN k-nearest neighbor, NB Naive Bayes, DT decision tree, SVM support vector machine, LR logistic regression, MLPNN multi-layer perceptron neural network. Bold denotes better performance.