Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Articles
| Study ID | PCOS Population | Intervention | Control | Duration | Observation Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masharani et al., 201025 | Lean patients | ALA (n=6) | N/A | 16 weeks | Metabolic parameters menstrual cycles |
| Ivanova et al., 201526 | Average-weight patients | ALA (n=25) | High-protein diet (n=20) | 12 weeks | Basal and/or glucose-stimulated metabolic parameters average ovarian volume menstrual cycles |
| Genazzani et al., 201827 | Obese patients | ALA (n=32) | N/A | 12 weeks | Hormonal and metabolic parameters |
| Genazzani et al., 201928 | Overweight/obese patients | MI + ALA (n=56) | MI (n=48) ALA (n=48) | 12 weeks | Hormonal and metabolic parameters |
| Fruzzetti et al., 201929 | Average-weight patients | MI + ALA (n=57) | N/A | 24, 48, and 96 weeks | Menstrual cycles and histopathological evaluation Hormonal and metabolic parameters |
| Fruzzetti et al., 201830 | Average-weight patients | D-chiro-inositol + ALA (n=41) | Healthy subjects (n=30) | 24 weeks | Menstrual cycle metabolic parameters |
| Olaniyan et al., 201935 | Rats | Vitamin C (n=7) DHEA (n=7) DHEA and Vitamin C (n=7) | Water (n=7) | 15 d | Oxidative stress parameters cytokines hormonal parameters and histopathological evaluation |
| Shirazi et al., 202136 | Average-weight patients | Vitamin E (n=22) | Placebo (n=21) | 8 weeks | Anthropometric indices serum angiogenic markers |
| Morsy et al., 202037 | Average-weight patients | Vitamin E + metformin + CC (n=30) | Metformin (n=30) | 4 weeks | Hormonal parameters Ovulation frequency Pregnancy frequency histopathological evaluation |
| Taghizadeh et al., 202044 | Average-weight patients | CoQ10 (n=22) | Placebo tablet (n=21) | 8 weeks | Inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers |
| Izadi et al., 201845 | Overweight/obese patients | CoQ10 + vitamin E placebo (n=22) vitamin E + CoQ10 placebo (n=22) CoQ10 + vitamin E (n=21) | CoQ10 placebo + vitamin E placebo (n=21) | 8 weeks | Hormonal and metabolic parameters |
| Refaeey et al., 201447 | CC-resistant patients | CoQ10 +CC (n=51) | CC (n=50) | 12 weeks | Hormonal parameters histopathological evaluation clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates |
| Fulghesu et al., 200249 | Average-weight patients | NAC (n=31) | placebo (n=6) | 5–6 weeks | Hormonal parameters metabolic parameters |
| Chandil et al., 201952 | Average-weight patients | NAC (n=45) | Metformin (n=45) | 24 weeks | Hormonal parameters metabolic parameters |
| Cheraghi et al., 201653 | Average-weight patients | Metformin (n=15) NAC (n=15) metformin+NAC (n=15) | Placebo (n=15) | 6 weeks | Histopathological evaluation Hormonal, oxidative stress, and metabolic parameters |
| Nasr et al., 200954 | CC-resistant patients | NAC (n=30) | Placebo (n=30) | 5 d | Clinical and reproductive outcomes |
| Rizk et al., 200555 | CC-resistant patients | NAC (n=75) | Placebo (n=75) | 5 d | Hormonal and metabolic parameters reproductive outcomes |
| Badawy et al., 201156 | Average-weight patients | NAC + CC (n=470) | CC (n=103) | 5 d | Hormonal parameters the histopathological evaluation reproductive outcomes |
| Sacchinell et al., 201457 | Average-weight patients | NAC + Inositol + folic acid (n=91) | N/A | 24 weeks/48 weeks | Hormonal and menstrual cycle metabolic parameters |
| Ergenoglu et al., 201560 | Rats | RSV (n=7) | Isotonic saline (n=7) | 4 weeks | Oxidative stress parameters Hormonal parameters |
| Banaszewska et al., 201661 | Average-weight patients | RSV (n=17) | Placebo (n=17) | 12 weeks | Hormonal parameters histopathological evaluation metabolic parameters |
| Bahramrezaie et al., 201962 | Average-weight patients | RSV (n=31) | Placebo (n=31) | 40 d | Hormonal parameters histopathological evaluation VEGF & HIF1 genes |
| Basheer et al., 201865 | Rats | Melatonin + letrozole | Letrozole | 2–3 weeks | Hormonal parameters cytokine (IL-2R and IL-6R) |
| Pai et al., 201466 | Rats | Melatonin | Metformin | 36 d | Hormonal and metabolic parameters anthropometrical and histopathological evaluation |
| Jamilian et al., 201967 | Average-weight patients | Melatonin (n=28) | Placebo (n=28) | 12 weeks | Hormonal and Oxidative stress parameters cytokines |
| Tagliaferri et al,201868 | Average-weight patients | Melatonin (n=40) | Non | 24 weeks | Hormonal parameters metabolic parameters menstrual cycles anthropometrical and histopathological evaluation |
| Shabani et al., 201969 | Average-weight patients | Melatonin (n=29) | Placebo (n=29) | 12 weeks | Metabolic, Mental health and genetic parameters |
| Kim et al,201270 | Average-weight patients | Melatonin (n=21) | No melatonin (n=24) | 2 days | Clinical outcomes of IVM IVF-embryo transfer |
| Mokhtari et al., 201971 | Average-weight patients | Melatonin (n=94) | Placebo (n=100) | 10 d | Chemical pregnancy rates |
| Kun Yu et al., 201972 | Average-weight patients | Melatonin (n=15) | Non-melatonin (n=17) | 16–18 hours | Hormonal parameters histopathological evaluation oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters |
| Jamilian et al., 201776 | Average-weight patients | Carnitine (n=30) | Placebo (n=30) | 12 weeks | Mental health parameters oxidative stress biomarker levels |
| Tauqir et al., 202177 | Average-weight patients | Metformin + pioglitazone + acetyl-L-carnitine (n=75) | Metformin + pioglitazone + placebo (n=75) | 12 weeks | Anthropometric, metabolic, and endocrine parameters stress score |
| Ismail et al., 201478 | Clomiphene-resistant patients | Clomiphene citrate + L-carnitine (n=85) | CC + placebo (n=85) | 5 d | Clinical outcomes metabolic parameters |
| Razavi et al., 201679 | Average-weight patients | Selenium (n=32) | Placebo (n=32) | 8 weeks | Clinical outcomes metabolic parameters hormonal parameters oxidative stress parameters |
| Afshar et al., 201880 | Average-weight patients | Magnesium oxide + zinc sulfate (n=30) | Placebo (n=30) | 12 weeks | Metabolic parameters |
| Jamilian et al., 201881 | Average-weight patients | Chromium (n= 20) | Placebo (n=20) | 8 weeks | Glycemic control cardio-metabolic risk markers oxidative stress parameters metabolic parameters |
| Hu Q et al., 201882 | Rats | Crocetin (n=28) | Vehicle (n=28) | 8 weeks | Estrous cycle hormonal parameters histopathological evaluation hypothalamic kisspeptin and GnRH neurons |
| Bahmani et al., 201483 | Average-weight patients | Folate (1 mg/d) (n=23) folate (5 mg/d) (n=23) | Placebo (n=23) | 8 weeks | Oxidative stress parameters metabolic parameters |
Abbreviations: PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; ALA, alpha lipoic acid; MI, myo-inositol; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; CC, clomiphene citrate; CoQ10, coenzyme Q10; NAC, N-acetyl cysteine; RSV, resveratrol; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; IL, interleukin.