Table 2.
Prediction accuracy of 30-minute BG level for the top five imputation methods and ensemble models
| Imputation method | Test-full | Test-empirical | Test-partial |
|---|---|---|---|
| Last observed carried forward (LOCF) | 19.38 ± 2.53 | 20.74 ± 2.63 | 19.38 ± 2.53 |
| Kalman smoothing with structural model (KS) | 19.09 ± 3.11 | 21.16 ± 2.63 | 20.49 ± 2.20 |
| Stineman interpolation (STI) | 18.92 ± 2.69 | 22.20 ± 2.37 | 20.83 ± 1.90 |
| Spline interpolation (SPI) | 19.32 ± 2.55 | 20.20 ± 2.92 | 19.20 ± 2.59 |
| Linear interpolation (LI) | 18.39 ± 2.51 | 22.16 ± 2.38 | 20.86 ± 1.82 |
| Overall performance of individual models | 19.02 ± 2.52 | 21.29 ± 2.54 | 20.15 ± 2.20 |
| Ensemble model | 18.45 ± 2.55 | 20.61 ± 2.55 | 19.59 ± 2.20 |
*average RMSE ± standard deviation of RMSEs were tabulated