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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cogn Dev. 2022 Feb 26;62:101167. doi: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2022.101167

Table 5.

Results for Mixed-Effects Regression Models Predicting Children’s Certainty Ratings for Study 1

Variable B (SE) t 95% CI p
Model 1a
 Contrast 1: Arithmetic vs. Correct 0.03 (0.11) 0.26 [−.22, .26] 0.79
 Contrast 2: Arithmetic vs. Other-Incorrect −0.53 (0.14) −3.81 [−.82, −.26] <.001
Model 1b
 Response Time −0.004 (0.001) −2.87 [−.01, −.001] 0.005
 Contrast 1: Arithmetic vs. Correct −0.02 (0.11) −0.13 [−.27, .21] 0.89
 Contrast 2: Arithmetic vs. Other-Incorrect −0.49 (0.14) −3.55 [−.78, −.21] <.001
Model 2a
 Contrast 1: Arithmetic vs. Correct −0.02 (0.14) −0.14 [−.31, .26] 0.89
 Contrast 2: Arithmetic vs. Other-Incorrect −0.54 (0.15) −3.58 [−.85, −.24] <.001
Model 2b
 Response Time −0.002 (0.002) −1.50 [−.01, .001] 0.14
 Contrast 1: Arithmetic vs. Correct −0.05 (0.14) −0.37 [−.34, .23] 0.71
 Contrast 2: Arithmetic vs. Other-Incorrect −0.51 (0.15) −3.38 [−.82, −.21] <.001

Note. Model 1a and Model 1b included all items. Model 2a and Model 2b included a subset of items as the easier items (i.e., problems with operations on the right side only) were removed. Strategy Type was dummy-coded with the “Arithmetic Strategies” as the reference group.