Table 1.
Weighted descriptive statistics for the study of mothers’ activities (n = 3, 074) and fathers’ activities (n = 1,426)
| Mothers’ activities | Fathers’ activities | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | M. | S.D. | M. | S.D. | ||
| DEPENDENT VARIABLES | ||||||
| During activity respondent felt: | ||||||
| Happy (scale 0–6) | 4.71 | 1.39 | 4.90 | *** | 1.33 | |
| Stressed (scale 0–6) | 1.48 | 1.73 | 1.16 | *** | 1.52 | |
| Tired (scale 0–6) | 2.76 | 1.94 | 2.37 | *** | 1.84 | |
| Activity was meaningful (scale 0–6) | 5.18 | 1.41 | 5.22 | 1.31 | ||
| INDEPENDENT VARIABLES | ||||||
| Age | 34.42 | 7.64 | 37.73 | *** | 7.94 | |
| Race/ethnicity: | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | .65 | - | .67 | - | ||
| Black, non-Hispanic | .09 | - | .08 | - | ||
| Hispanic | .19 | - | .17 | - | ||
| Other | .07 | - | .08 | - | ||
| Household income (1–16) | 11.15 | 4.16 | 12.18 | *** | 3.59 | |
| Education (years) | 14.25 | 3.07 | 14.41 | 3.11 | ||
| Single parent | .21 | - | .06 | *** | - | |
| Usual weekly work hours | 19.37 | 19.09 | 37.05 | *** | 19.47 | |
| Year of survey: | ||||||
| 2010 | .34 | - | .33 | - | ||
| 2012 | .34 | - | .32 | - | ||
| 2013 | .35 | - | .32 | - | ||
| Type of childcare activity: | ||||||
| Physical | .56 | - | .53 | - | ||
| Recreational | .21 | - | .26 | ** | - | |
| Educational | .05 | - | .06 | - | ||
| Managerial | .18 | - | .15 | † | - | |
| Time of day | ||||||
| Morning (6am-10am) | .26 | - | .23 | - | ||
| Midday (10am-2pm) | .14 | - | .09 | *** | - | |
| Afternoon (2pm-6pm) | .23 | - | .23 | - | ||
| Evening (6pm-10pm) | .31 | - | .40 | *** | - | |
| Night (10pm-6am) | .06 | - | .05 | - | ||
| Weekend | .19 | - | .24 | *** | - | |
| Public holiday | .01 | - | .01 | - | ||
| Summer | .20 | - | .19 | - | ||
| Activity at home | .78 | - | .79 | - | ||
| Nonresident child | .00 | - | .03 | ** | - | |
| Solo parenting | .85 | - | .67 | *** | - | |
| Infant present (under 1) | .17 | - | .13 | ** | - | |
| Toddler present (1–2) | .28 | - | .29 | - | ||
| Preschool child present (3–5) | .34 | - | .35 | - | ||
| Older child present (6–11) | .39 | - | .43 | * | - | |
| Adolescent present (12 –17) | .16 | - | .14 | - | ||
| Duration (minutes) | 31.73 | 38.32 | 39.10 | *** | 51.57 | |
| Earlier childcare (minutes) | 90.63 | 104.25 | 64.22 | *** | 90.07 | |
Note. Asterisks signify significant differences between mothers and fathers within waves. We present weighted means for continuous variables and weighted percentages for categorical variables. We use Wald tests to test differences between mothers’ and fathers’ activities.
†
p < 0.1,
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.005,
***
p < 0.001 (two-tailed tests)