Table 1. The characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Country | Population | Sample size (cases/total) | Age, mean (SD) |
Sex, female (%) |
Follow-up duration | Date of data collection | Sedentary behavior measure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amorim et al. (2017) | Spain | Monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) adult twins | 245/1,098 | 53.7 (7.3) | 47.4 | NA | 2009–2013 | Self-administered questionnaire |
| Andersen, Haahr & Frost (2007) | Denmark | Workers from industrial and service companies | 160/1,513 | NA | NA | 2 years | NA | Self-administered questionnaire |
| Balling et al. (2019) | Denmark | National population | 1,796/46,826 | 48.4 (15.4) | 61.5 | 7.4 years | 2007–2015 | Long International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-L) |
| Harkness et al. (2003) | United Kingdom | Newly employed workers from 12 diverse occupational groups | 200/1,081 | Median = 23, Interquartile range = 21–28 | 36 | 2 years | NA | Self-administered questionnaire |
| Hartvigsen & Christensen (2007) | Denmark | Twin individuals (monozygotic and same-sexed dizygotic twin pairs) | 172/1,387 | 77.0 (NA) | 52 | 2 years | 2001–2003 | Self-administered questionnaire |
| Hartvigsen et al. (2001) | Denmark | People living in a small Danish town | 48/1,163 | 40.4 (NA) | 53 | 5 years | NA | Self-administered questionnaire |
| Hestbaek et al. (2005) | Denmark | Military conscripts at 15 locations | 345/985 | 20.57 (2.16) | 4 | 3 months | 2000 | Self-administered questionnaire |
| Hussain et al. (2016) | Australia | National population | 4144/5,058 | NA | 56 | 15 years | 1999–2014 | Active Australia Survey |
| Juul-Kristensen et al. (2004) | Denmark | Office workers | 592/2,576 | NA | 61 | 1.9 years | 1999–2000 | Self-administered questionnaire |
| Kopec, Sayre & Esdaile (2004) | Canada | Canadian National Population | 855/10,007 | NA | 55.3 | 2 years | 1996–1997 | Self-administered questionnaire |
| Lunde et al. (2017) | Norway | Construction and healthcare workers | 124/594 | NA | NA | 6 months | 2014 | ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer |
| Macfarlane et al. (1997) | United Kingdom | Convenient population registered in two general practices in south Manchester area | 247/784 | Median = 38 Range = 18–75 |
61 | 1 year | NA | Self-administered questionnaire |
| Matsudaira et al. (2012) | Japan | Office workers, nurses, sales/marketing personnel, and manufacturing engineers | 308/836 | 44.2 (10.2) | 11.6 | 2 years | NA | Self-administered questionnaire |
| Shiri et al. (2019) | Finland | National population | 1,226/3,505 | NA | 52.7 | 11 years | 2000–2011 | Self-administered questionnaire |
| Venseth (2014) | Norway | National population | 2,782/22,445 | 45.5 (NA) | 52.5 | 10 years | 1995–2006 | Self-administered questionnaire |
| Yip (2004) | Hong Kong | Nurses | 56/144 | 31.10 (NA) | 85.5 | 1 year | 2001–2002 | Self-administered questionnaire |
Note:
NA, Not Applicable.