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. 2022 Mar 8;7(5):e153755. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.153755

Figure 1. COX-2 expression is suppressed by obesity and is induced by IF in AT.

Figure 1

The expression levels of COX-2 but not COX-1 in protein (A and B) and mRNA (C) were suppressed by obesity in visceral fat of human participants, compared with that of lean controls, despite a decrease in mRNA of PTGS2, a gene that encodes human COX-2. PTGS1 is a gene encoding human COX-1. Tubulin was used as the loading control. The expression levels of COX-2 but not COX-1 in protein (D and E) and mRNA (F) were markedly induced by IF in eWAT of mice with diet-induced obesity. The protein (G and H) and mRNA (I) levels of COX-2 in iWAT were also induced by IF despite the suppression of COX-1 in protein in obese mice. The upregulation of COX-2 expression by IF was also observed in eWAT (J–L) and iWAT (M and N) of NCD mice, although no significant effect was observed on the mRNA levels of both Ptgs2, a gene that encodes mouse COX-2, and Ptgs1, a gene that encodes mouse COX-1, in iWAT (O). We fed 6-week-old male mice a 45% HFD or NCD for 8 weeks, which was followed by Ad or IF for 30 days. All data in this figure were analyzed by t test and are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.