A. Equipment for a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) formation chamber. B. Schematic workflow of GUV formation by electroformation. Deposition of diluted large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) on two indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass slides, followed by dehydration under saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) conditions overnight, to form a thin lipid film. The two ITO-coated slides are sandwiched to assemble an ITO chamber separated by a silicone rubber spacer with copper tape on each side, sealed by Parafilm, and held together by clamps. A syringe is used to inject 1 mL of 250 mM sucrose solution (not illustrated), which is then sealed with Parafilm, and the chamber is immediately connected to a function generator for GUV formation. Modified from
Mathiassen et al. (2021)
.