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Effect of ALA supplementation on brain mRNA expression of cytokines (TNF-α) and apoptotic proteins (Casp-3). Values are means ± SD, n = 8. Differences statistically significant at ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.0005, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. C: control animals not supplemented with ALA; Casp-3: caspase 3; HFD: high-fat diet-fed animals not supplemented with ALA; HFD+ALA: high-fat diet-fed animals supplemented with ALA; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
