Table1.

The alteration of gut microbiota associated with CVD conditions in human cohorts.

CVD Condition	Cohorts	Sequencing Method	Diversity	↑Increased Abundance	↓Decreased Abundance	Ref.
Hypertension	99 HT 56 Pre-HT 41 Controls	Shotgun	↓α-diversity *β-diversity	Klebsiella Prevotella Desulfovibrio	Faecalibacterium Oscillibacter Roseburia Bifidobacterium Coprococcus Butyrivibrio	[40]
	67 HT 62 Controls	16S	NAα-diversity *β-diversity	Acetobacteroides Alistipes Bacteroides Barnesiella Clostridium Desulfovibrio Megasphaera Microvirgula Parabacteroides	Lactobacillus Olsenella Paraprevotella Prevotella Romboutsia Ruminococcus	[41]
	183 HT 346 Controls	16S	↓α-diversity *β-diversity	Catabacter Veillonella Clostridium Oscillibacter Robinsoniella	Akkermansia Ruminococcus Anaerovorax Sporobacter Asaccharobacter	[42]
Atherosclerosis	13 Patients 12 Controls	Shotgun	NA	Collinsella Clostridiales Clostridium	Bacteroides Roseburia Eubacterium Faecalibacterium	[43]
	218 Patients 187 Controls	Shotgun	NA	Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp. Enterobacter aerogenes	Bacteroides spp. Prevotella copri Alistipes shahii	[44]
	223 Patients 181 Controls	16S	↓α-diversity *β-diversity	Streptococcus anginosus Atopobium parvulum Actinomyces graevenitzii Streptococcus mitis/oralis/pneumonia	Bacteroides xylanisolvens Odoribacter splanchnicus Eubacterium eligens Roseburia inulinivorans Roseburia intestinalis	[45]
CAD	39 Patients 30 High-risks 50 Controls	16S	*β-diversity	F/B ratio Lactobacillales	Bacteroides Prevotella	[46]
	70 Patients 98 Controls	16S	↓α-diversity *β-diversity	Escherichia-Shigella Enterococcus	Faecalibacterium Subdoligranulum Roseburia Eubacterium rectale	[47]
	161 Patients 40 Controls	16S	NA	Enterobacteriaceae Enterococcus Streptococcus	Faecalibacterium Roseburia Ruminococcus Lachnospiraceae	[48]
Heart Failure	60 Patients 20 Controls	Culture	NA	Candida Campylobacter Shigella Yersinia	NA	[49]
	84 Patients 266 Controls	16S	↓α-diversity *β-diversity	Succiniclasticum Prevotella	Lachnospiraceae Eubacterium hallii	[50]
	22 Patients 11 Controls	16S	NA α-diversity *β-diversity	Actinobacteria Bifidobacterium Escherichia/Shigella	Megamonas	[51]
Stroke	141 Patients 94 Controls	16S	↑α-diversity *β-diversity	Enterobacter Megasphaera Oscillibacter Desulfovibrio	Bacteroides Prevotella Faecalibacterium	[52]
	30Patients 30Controls	16S	NA α-diversity NA β-diversity	Odoribacter Akkermansia Christensenellaceae Ruminococcaceae Enterobacter	Anaerostipes Ruminiclostridium	[53]
	140Patients 92Controls	16S	*β-diversity	F/B ratio Lactobacillaceae Akkermansia Enterobacteriaceae Porphyromonadaceae	Roseburia Bacteroides Lachnospiraceae Faecalibacterium Blautia, Anaerostipes	[54]