Table 2.
Heavy metal removal from contaminated soil by microorganisms.
| Microorganisms | Source | Type of soil | Exposure period (days) | Heavy metal | Removal (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | ||||||
| Consortium of Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas pyogenes, Erwnia amylovora, and Enterobacter cloacae | Soil and effluent of paper mill | Contaminated paper mill: 1.223 mg/L Pb, 0.093 mg/L Cd, 13.169 mg/L Zn, 0.613 mg/L As, 0.358 mg/L Cr, 1.756 mg/L Cu, and 0.059 mg/L Ni | 180 | Pb | 74.7 | Nwaehiri et al. (2020) |
| Cd | 51.6 | |||||
| Zn | 71.6 | |||||
| As | 72.6 | |||||
| Cr | 78.2 | |||||
| Cu | 55.9 | |||||
| Ni | 78.1 | |||||
| Consortium of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus | Soil and effluent of paper mill | Contaminated paper mill: 1.223 mg/L Pb, 0.093 mg/L Cd, 13.169 mg/L Zn, 0.613 mg/L As, 0.358 mg/L Cr, 1.756 mg/L Cu, and 0.059 mg/L Ni | 180 | Pb | 67.2 | |
| Cd | 53.8 | |||||
| Zn | 66.3 | |||||
| As | 66.1 | |||||
| Cr | 65.8 | |||||
| Cu | 59.4 | |||||
| Ni | 65.3 | |||||
| Brochothrix thermosphacta | Aluminum contaminated site | Artificial: 48 mg/kg of Al | 5 | Al | 4.58 | Purwanti et al. (2019a) |
| Vibrio alginolyticus | 5.48 | |||||
| Sphingobium SA2 | Mercury contaminated soil | Artificial: 100 mg/kg Hg Contaminated field: 200 mg/kg Hg |
28 | Hg | 30–50 | Mahbub et al. (2017) |
| Azotobacter S8 | N/A | Artificial: 19 mg/kg of Cr | 14 | Cr(III) | 22.82 | Purwanti et al., 2017a, Purwanti et al., 2017b |
| Bacillus subtilis | N/A | Artificial: 29 mg/kg of Cr | 14 | Cr(III) | 11 | Purwanti et al., 2017a, Purwanti et al., 2017b |
| Bacillus sp., Lysinibacillus sp. and Rhodococcus sp. | Landfill soil | Landfill and leachate: N/A | 100 | Cu | 86 | Emenike et al. (2016) |
| Zn | 73 | |||||
| Pb | 71 | |||||
| Sphingomonas paucimobilis 20006FA | Uncontaminated soil | Artificial: 100 mg/kg of Cr(VI) | 62 | Cr(VI) | 90 | Ibarrolaza et al. (2011) |
| Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB | Chromium containing slag | Steel alloy factory: 518.84 mg/kg of Cr(VI) | 2 | Cr(VI) | 99 | Wang et al. (2015) |
| Micrococcus sp. | Crude oil contaminated soil | Crude oil contaminated soil: N/A | 60 | Cd | 36 | Giwa and Ibitoye (2017) |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Crude oil contaminated soil: N/A | 60 | Pb | 89.5 | ||
| Actinomycetes | ||||||
| Streptomyces sp. M7 | Pesticides and heavy metals contaminated soil | Artificial: 50 mg/kg of Cr(VI) | 14 | Cr (VI) | 51 | Polti et al. (2014) |
| Streptomyces sp. MC1 | 40 | |||||
| Streptomyces sp. A5 | 5 | |||||
| Amycolatopsis tucumanensis | 5 | |||||
| Consortium of Streptomyces sp. M7, Streptomyces sp. MC1, Streptomyces sp. A5, and Amycolatopsis tucumanensis | 86 | |||||
| Fungi | ||||||
| Consortium of Perenniporia subtephropora, Daldinia starbaeckii, Phanerochaete concrescens, Cerrena aurantiopora, Fusarium equiseti, Polyporales sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Trametes versicolor |
Landfill soil | Landfill: N/A | 100 | As | 62 | Hassan et al. (2019) |
| Cr | 42 | |||||
| Cu | 49 | |||||
| Fe | 38 | |||||
| Mn | 59 | |||||
| Consortium of Paecilomyces lilacinus, Antrodia serialis, and Penicillium cataractum | Landfill soil | Landfill: N/A | 100 | As | 48 | |
| Cr | 36 | |||||
| Cu | 41 | |||||
| Fe | 35 | |||||
| Mn | 41 | |||||
| Yeast | ||||||
| Candida tropicalis | Chromium contaminated soil | Artificial: 40 mg/kg of Cr(VI) | 8 | Cr (VI) | 58.7–72.25 | Bahafid et al. (2013) |
∗N/A: not available.