Table 1.
Respondents’ characteristics and habits according to General Health Questionnaire score; 0–13 (no psychological distress), 14–36 (psychological distress)
| N | 0–13 | 14–36 | Combined | P value | |
| (n=507) | (n=3931) | (n=4438) | |||
| Age | 4438 | 26/34/48 | 26/38/53 | 26/37/53 | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 4438 | 59% (300) | 64% (2502) | 63% (2802) | 0.049 |
| Male | 41% (207) | 36% (1429) | 37% (1636) | ||
| Nationality | |||||
| Other | 4438 | 2% (8) | 1% (53) | 1% (61) | 0.676 |
| Italian | 98% (499) | 99% (3878) | 99% (4377) | ||
| Region | |||||
| High COVID-19 incidence | 4427 | 48% (242) | 45% (1780) | 46% (2022) | 0.282 |
| Low COVID-19 incidence | 52% (263) | 55% (2142) | 54% (2405) | ||
| Educational level | |||||
| Secondary education | 4438 | 49% (249) | 47% (1831) | 47% (2080) | 0.493 |
| University education | 50% (256) | 53% (2089) | 53% (2345) | ||
| Primary education | 0% (2) | 0% (11) | 0% (13) | ||
| Working status | |||||
| Active employee | 4438 | 71% (360) | 67% (2630) | 67% (2990) | 0.001 |
| Unemployed/Retired/Homemaker | 8% (42) | 14% (568) | 14% (610) | ||
| Student | 21% (105) | 19% (733) | 19% (838) | ||
| House type | |||||
| Multifamily house | 4438 | 64% (325) | 66% (2589) | 66% (2914) | 0.221 |
| Single room apartment | 3% (16) | 2% (79) | 2% (95) | ||
| Single-family house | 33% (166) | 32% (1263) | 32% (1429) | ||
| Garden | |||||
| No | 4438 | 39% (198) | 42% (1658) | 42% (1856) | 0.180 |
| Yes | 61% (309) | 58% (2273) | 58% (2582) | ||
| Nasopharyngeal swab | |||||
| No | 2873 | 96% (278) | 93% (2391) | 93% (2669) | 0.038 |
| Yes | 4% (12) | 7% (192) | 7% (204) | ||
| Recent loss | |||||
| No | 2858 | 91% (266) | 89% (2289) | 89% (2555) | 0.240 |
| Yes | 9% (25) | 11% (278) | 11% (303) | ||
| Living alone | |||||
| No | 4438 | 88% (448) | 88% (3469) | 88% (3917) | 0.939 |
| Yes | 12% (59) | 12% (462) | 12% (521) | ||
| Pet | |||||
| No | 4438 | 54% (274) | 54% (2112) | 54% (2386) | 0.893 |
| Yes | 46% (233) | 46% (1819) | 46% (2052) | ||
| Physical activity | |||||
| No | 3991 | 44% (203) | 57% (2024) | 56% (2227) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 56% (259) | 43% (1505) | 44% (1764) | ||
| Dietary habits (weekly consumption) | |||||
| Pasta, rice, cereals | 3987 | 5/7/10 | 5/7/10 | 5/7/10 | 0.705 |
| Cereal-based products | 3984 | 3/7/7 | 4/7/7 | 3/7/7 | 0.214 |
| Raw meat | 3985 | 2/3/4 | 2/3/4 | 2/3/4 | 0.299 |
| Cured meat | 3981 | 1/2/3 | 1/2/3 | 1/2/3 | 0.050 |
| Fish | 3985 | 1/2/2 | 1/2/2 | 1/2/2 | 0.864 |
| Milk and yoghurt | 3982 | 2/7/7 | 2/7/7 | 2/7/7 | 0.971 |
| Milk-based products | 3984 | 2/3/5 | 2/3/5 | 2/3/5 | 0.675 |
| Fruit | 3985 | 4/7/10 | 4/7/10 | 4/7/10 | 0.699 |
| Dried fruit | 3981 | 0/2/5 | 0/2/5 | 0/2/5 | 0.249 |
| Vegetables | 3984 | 6/7/14 | 6/7/14 | 6/7/14 | 0.003 |
| Legumes | 3982 | 1/2/5 | 1/2/4 | 1/2/4 | 0.002 |
| Eggs | 3984 | 1/2/3 | 1/2/2 | 1/2/2 | 0.100 |
| Foods high in fat and sugar | 3980 | 1/3/6 | 2/4/7 | 2/3/7 | 0.158 |
| Soft drinks | 3979 | 0/0/1 | 0/0/1 | 0/0/1 | 0.478 |
| Alcoholic drinks (eg, wine, beer, spirits) | 3981 | 0/1/3 | 0/1/4 | 0/1/4 | 0.080 |
Data are percentages (absolute numbers) for categorical variables and I quartile/median/III quartile for continuous variables.