Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of adults and children included in the cohort

		Adults		Children
		N	%	N	%
Death involving COVID-19		118 256	0.3	21	<0.01
COVID-19 hospitalisation		331 063	0.9	2930	0.1
ICS	No asthma	32 530 602	92.4
	No ICS	565 114	1.6
	Low ICS	1 451 443	4.1
	Medium ICS	519 294	1.5
	High ICS	136 080	0.4
OCS	No asthma	32 530 602	92.4	2 780 630	92.8
	0 OCS	2 072 475	5.9	197 867	6.6
	1 OCS	307 486	0.9	12 944	0.4
	2+ OCS	291 970	0.8	5062	0.2
Sex	Female	18 448 204	52.4	1 470 953	49.1
	Male	16 754 329	47.6	1 525 550	50.9
Age	Mean		51.0		14.9
	SD		19.0		1.7
Ethnic group	Bangladeshi	263 624	0.7	48 062	1.6
	Black African	528 677	1.5	84 971	2.8
	Black Caribbean	378 314	1.1	26 803	0.9
	Chinese	186 841	0.5	12 125	0.4
	Indian	939 958	2.7	86 380	2.9
	Mixed	566 176	1.6	150 846	5.0
	Other	846 287	2.4	109 042	3.6
	Pakistani	693 045	2.0	120 282	4.0
	White British	29 074 171	82.6	2 245 850	74.9
	White other	1 725 440	4.9	112 142	3.7
Quintile of Index of Multiple Deprivation	1	6 478 687	18.4	662 546	22.1
	2	6 874 247	19.5	582 881	19.5
	3	7 189 513	20.4	562 070	18.8
	4	7 324 784	20.8	571 206	19.1
	5	7 335 302	20.8	617 800	20.6
Region	North East	1 767 939	5.0	138 832	4.6
	North West	4 723 007	13.4	396 101	13.2
	Yorkshire and The Humber	3 593 129	10.2	304 752	10.2
	East Midlands	3 141 826	8.9	260 331	8.7
	West Midlands	3 718 733	10.6	321 909	10.7
	East of England	4 008 795	11.4	344 332	11.5
	London	4 826 372	13.7	444 266	14.8
	South East	5 770 900	16.4	498 722	16.6
	South West	3 651 832	10.4	287 258	9.6
Hospitalised in previous year (excluding for asthma)		5 639 375	16.0	160 463	5.4
Learning disability	None	34 862 723	99.0
	Other learning disabilities	332 557	0.9
	Down’s syndrome	7253	0.02
Chronic kidney disease	None	34 697 556	98.6
	CDK 3	436 452	1.2
	CDK 4	45 653	0.1
	CDK 5	22 872	0.1
Other conditions	Diabetes	2 558 503	7.3
	COPD	915 698	2.6
	Stroke	513 584	1.5
	Atrial fibrillation	797 049	2.3
	Congestive cardiac failure	410 692	1.2
	Venous thromboembolism	9012	0.03
	Peripheral vascular disease	166 909	0.5
	Dementia	371 454	1.1
	Parkinson’s disease	91 259	0.3
	Epilepsy	192 571	0.5
	Severe mental illness	3 249 258	9.2
	Osteoporotic fracture	18 891	0.1
	Rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus	239 841	0.7
	Cirrhosis of the liver	54 585	0.2

CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; OCS, oral corticosteroids.