. 2022 Mar 10;101(5):101838. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101838

Table 3.

Effects of the feed treatments on the home pen behavior measurements.

	Feed treatment			Statistics
Lights ON	AL	Ram	Rpm	SEM	F or Wald^†	P
Proportion of time spent feeding^ǂ	−2.32^a (0.0891)	−3.15^b (0.0411)	−3.53^b (0.0285)	0.19	11.69	<0.001
Proportion of time spent foraging	−1.94 (0.125)	−2.02 (0.118)	−1.76 (0.147)	0.36	1.01	ns
Proportion of time spent drinking	−2.33^b (0.089)	−1.16^a (0.239)	−2.08^b (0.111)	0.15	17.46	<0.001
Proportion of time spent object pecking	−3.59^b (0.0268)	−1.97^a (0.1224)	−3.24^b (0.0376)	0.20	18.44	<0.001
Proportion of time spent preening	−1.89^a (0.1315)	−2.92^c (0.0513)	−2.54^b (0.0729)	0.12	31.93	<0.001
Proportion of time spent walking	−2.65^b (0.0657)	−2.10^a (0.1091)	−2.09^a (0.1103)	0.14	21.14	<0.001
Proportion of time spent being active (walking + foraging)	−1.39^b (0.200)	−1.14^ab (0.242)	−0.90^a (0.289)	0.32	4.70	0.021
Proportion of time spent being inactive (standing, sitting, sleeping)	−0.63^a (0.347)	−2.17^b (0.103)	−0.71^a (0.330)	0.22	40.51	<0.001

Lights OFF	AL	Ram	Rpm	SEM	F or Wald^Ŧ	P
Proportion of time spent feeding^§	−4.34^a (0.01289)	−6.41^b (0.00164)	−4.62^a (0.00972)	0.42	20.47	<0.001
Proportion of time spent foraging^§	−6.59^b (0.00137)	−7.69^b (0.00046)	−5.00^a (0.00671)	0.80	5.97	0.006
Proportion of time spent drinking^§	−4.46^b (0.0114)	−5.41^c (0.0044)	−3.18^a (0.0398)	0.30	24.04	<0.001
Proportion of time spent object pecking^§	−6.92^b (0.000986)	−8.06^b (0.000316)	−5.79^a (0.003042)	0.76	12.33	0.002
Proportion of time spent preening	−3.20 (0.0392)	−3.31 (0.0352)	−3.53 (0.0285)	0.13	2.62	ns
Proportion of time spent walking^ǂ	−4.41^b (0.0121)	−4.00^b (0.0180)	−3.34^a (0.0341)	0.20	9.30	0.001
Proportion of time spent being active (walking + foraging)^ǂ	−4.20^b (0.0147)	−3.91^b (0.0196)	−3.03^a (0.0461)	0.19	12.47	<0.001
Proportion of time spent being inactive (standing, sitting, sleeping)	2.35^b (0.913)	2.73^a (0.939)	1.78^c (0.855)	0.11	19.67	<0.001

Values are means and SEMs estimated from GLMMs. If the data were analysed on transformed scale these values are shown, with back-transformed values shown in brackets where biologically meaningful.

ns, non-significant (P > 0.05); SEM, highest standard error of the mean for each factor.

^abcSuperscripted letters indicate where differences lie.

Treatments sharing a letter do not differ significantly from each other.

^†

ndf = 2, ddf = 19-290.

^Ŧ

ndf = 2, ddf = 22-129. Italic text indicates Wald tests used.

^ǂ

Only 2 way interaction and main fixed effects included.

^§

Only main fixed effects included.