Table 6.
Effects of the time in the day on the home pen behaviour measurements.
| Time in the day/night |
Statistics |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lights ON | 8:00–10:30 | 10:30–13:30 | 13:30–16:00 | SEM | F or Wald‡ | P |
| Proportion of time spent feedingǂ | −2.78 (0.0582) | −3.20 (0.0391) | −3.02 (0.0467) | 0.16 | 1.49 | ns |
| Proportion of time spent foraging | −1.79a (0.143) | −1.87ab (0.134) | −2.06b (0.113) | 0.35 | 3.25 | 0.042 |
| Proportion of time spent drinking | −1.49a (0.184) | −1.89b (0.131) | −2.19c (0.101) | 0.10 | 38.90 | <0.001 |
| Proportion of time spent object pecking | −2.61a (0.0686) | −3.05b (0.0451) | −3.14b (0.0414) | 0.14 | 8.17 | <0.001 |
| Proportion of time spent preening | −2.54b (0.0732) | −2.23a (0.0975) | −2.58b (0.0703) | 0.10 | 9.03 | <0.001 |
| Proportion of time spent walking | −2.38b (0.0845) | −2.44b (0.0799) | −2.02a (0.1175) | 0.14 | 27.94 | <0.001 |
| Proportion of time spent being active (walking + foraging) | −1.12 (0.246) | −1.23 (0.227) | −1.09 (0.252) | 0.31 | 1.56 | ns |
| Proportion of time spent being inactive (standing, sitting, sleeping) | −1.76b (0.147) | −0.93a (0.282) | −0.82a (0.306) | 0.20 | 62.19 | <0.001 |
| Lights OFF | 16:30–20:00 | 22:30–01:45 | 4:30–07:45 | SEM | F or Wald¥ | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proportion of time spent feeding§ | −5.00 (0.00671) | −5.49 (0.00410) | −4.89 (0.00750) | 0.26 | 5.08 | ns |
| Proportion of time spent foraging§ | −5.88 (0.00278) | −7.10 (0.00083) | −6.29 (0.00185) | 0.52 | 2.87 | ns |
| Proportion of time spent drinking§ | −4.26a (0.0140) | −4.82b (0.0080) | −3.98a (0.0184) | 0.21 | 6.13 | 0.003 |
| Proportion of time spent object pecking§ | −6.16a (0.002106) | −7.40b (0.000612) | −7.21b (0.000737) | 0.55 | 8.48 | 0.014 |
| Proportion of time spent preening | −3.57b (0.0275) | −3.84b (0.0210) | −2.64a (0.0668) | 0.14 | 33.33 | <0.001 |
| Proportion of time spent walkingǂ | −4.08b (0.0167) | −4.28b (0.0136) | −3.39a (0.0327) | 0.19 | 10.31 | <0.001 |
| Proportion of time spent being active (walking + foraging)ǂ | −3.79b (0.0222) | −4.12b (0.0160) | −3.24a (0.0376) | 0.17 | 11.07 | <0.001 |
| Proportion of time spent being inactive (standing, sitting, sleeping) | 2.42b (0.918) | 2.76a (0.941) | 1.68c (0.842) | 0.10 | 29.94 | <0.001 |
Values are means and SEMs estimated from GLMMs. If the data were analyzed on transformed scale these values are shown, with back-transformed values shown in brackets where biologically meaningful.
ns, nonsignificant (P > 0.05); SEM, highest standard error of the mean for each factor.
abcSuperscripted letters indicate where differences lie.
Treatments sharing a letter do not differ significantly from each other.
‡
ndf = 2, ddf = 104-156.
¥
ndf = 2, ddf = 83-209; italic text indicates Wald tests used.
ǂ
Only 2 way interaction and main fixed effects included.
§
Only main fixed effects includeFigure Titles.