Table 2.

Theory-based frameworks reported in the 15 studies included in the systematic review.

Theory-based frameworks	References
A “research and development cycle” approach based on the guide, ‘Participatory Design of Evidence-Based Online Youth Mental Health Promotion, Intervention and Treatment’ (Ospina-Pinillos et al., 2018).	(Ospina-Pinillos et al., 2019, 2020)
A “mixed-method, co-design approach” based on a participatory design framework previously developed within the context of health service design.	Gilbert et al. (2020)
A “co-creation theory” informed participatory design approach.	Payton (2016)
A “philosophical hermeneutics as an interpretivistic research” approach using participatory design related “generative design tools” as research method.	Hussain and Sanders (2012)
A “design science” approach using participatory design as a research method.	Duveskog and Sutinen (2013)
A “co-design principles” informed participatory research approach.	Robinson and Notara (2015)
A “community-based participatory research principles and practices” approach incorporating user-centred design and “agile methodology”.	Patchen et al. (2020)
A human-centred design and design thinking approach.	Davis et al. (2020)