Table 1. Summary of Findings.

Low grades were initially assigned to the included studies due to their observational nature. These initial grades were further downgraded for risk of bias due to inadequate control of confounding, short follow-up in some studies, and potential publication bias raised by detected small study effects. We upgraded the study when the observed effects were of considerable magnitude and showed a dose-response gradient.

The association between attained height and colorectal cancer or adenoma risk.
Patient population: colorectal cancer or adenoma Settings: community and hospital Risk factor: attained height
Outcomes	Relative effect (95% CI)	No. of studies	Quality of the evidence (GRADE)	Comments
HR of colorectal cancer per 10-cm increase in height	HR 1.14 (1.11 to 1.17)	19	⊕⊕⊝⊝ low	Downgraded for: 1. Inadequate control of confounding, short follow-up in some studies 2. Small study effect Upgraded for: 1. Large magnitude of an effect 2. Dose-response gradient
OR of colorectal cancer per 10-cm increase in height	RR 1.09 (1.05 to 1.13)	14	⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate	Downgraded for: 1. Inadequate control of confounding, short follow-up in some studies Upgraded for: 1. Large magnitude of an effect 2. Dose-response gradient
HR of colorectal cancer comparing highest vs. lowest height percentile	HR 1.24 (1.19 to 1.30)	19	⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate	Downgraded for: 1. Inadequate control of confounding, short follow-up in some studies Upgraded for: 1. Large magnitude of an effect 2. Dose-response gradient
OR of colorectal cancer comparing highest vs. lowest height percentile	OR 1.07 (0.92 to 1.25)	7	⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low	Downgraded for: 1. Inadequate control of confounding, short follow-up in some studies; 2. Inconsistency of results across studies 3. Imprecision of overall estimate Upgraded for: 1. Dose-response gradient
OR of colorectal adenoma per 10-cm increase in height	OR 1.06 (1.00 to 1.12)	4	⊕⊕⊝⊝ low	Downgraded for: 1. Inadequate control of confounding, short follow-up in some studies Upgraded for: 1. Dose-response gradient