Table 1.
Demographic characteristics.
| M (SD) | MoCA ≥ 18 (Absence of cognitive impairment, N = 245) | MoCA <18 (Possible cognitive impairment, N = 52) | Test Statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 46.9 (14.1); Range: 19 - 91 | 45.7 (13.5); Range: 19-78 | 52.6 (15.2); Range: 19–91 | F = 10.47, p < .01 |
| Weeks since COVID-19 symptoms began | 22.4 (12.8); Range: 1 - 51 | 22.1 (12.8); Range: 1-51 | 23.6 (12.8); Range: 3 - 50 | F = 0.51, p = .47 |
| Number of cardiopulmonary symptoms | 2.7 (1.6); Range: 0 - 7 | 2.7 (1.6); Range: 0 -6 | 2.8 (1.7); Range: 0–7 | F = 0.36, p = .55 |
| Sex | χ2 = 0.58, p = .45 | |||
| Women | 206 (69.4%) | 168 (68.6%) | 38 (73.1%) | |
| Men | 88 (29.6%) | 75 (30.6%) | 13 (25%) | |
| Missing | 3 (1.0%) | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| Race | Fisher's exact: p < .01 | |||
| White | 218 (73.4%) | 187 (76.3%) | 31 (59.6%) | |
| Native American | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| Asian | 5 (1.7%) | 5 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Black | 49 (16.5%) | 32 (13.1%) | 17 (32.7%) | |
| Other | 9 (3.0%) | 5 (2.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| Missing | 18 (6.0%) | 16 (6.5%) | 2 (3.8%) | |
| Hospitalization | χ2 = 10.3, p < .01 | |||
| None | 227 (76.4%) | 196 (80.8%) | 31 (59.6%) | |
| Yes, ICU | 20 (6.7%) | 33 (13.5%) | 13 (25%) | |
| Yes, General Hospitalization | 46 (15.5%) | 13 (5.3%) | 7 (13.5%) | |
| Missing | 4 (1.3%) | 3 (1.2%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| Difficulties with ADLs | χ2 = 4.7, p < .05 | |||
| No | 171 (86.8%) | 145 (59.2%) | 26 (50.0%) | |
| Yes | 96 (32.3%) | 71 (29.0%) | 25 (48.1%) | |
| Missing | 30 (10.1%) | 29 (11.8%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| Comfort with community activities | Fisher's exact p < .001 | |||
| 0 | 46 (15.5%) | 26 (10.6%) | 20 (38.5%) | |
| 1 | 7 (2.4%) | 4 (1.6%) | 3 (5.8%) | |
| 2 | 5 (1.7%) | 4 (1.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| 3 | 10 (3.4%) | 8 (3.3%) | 2 (3.8%) | |
| 4 | 196 (66.0%) | 172 (70.0%) | 24 (46.2%) | |
| Missing | 33 (11.1%) | 31 (12.7%) | 2 (3.8%) | |
| Education | Fisher's exact p = .087 | |||
| Less than 12 years | 33 (11.1%) | 31 (12.7%) | 2 (3.9%) | |
| More than 12 years | 264 (88.9%) | 214 (87.4%) | 50 (96.2%) | |
| No | 202 (68.2%) | 172 (70.5%) | 30 (57.7%) | |
| Yes | 94 (31.8%) | 72 (29.5%) | 22 (42.3%) | |
| Clinically significant PTSD | χ2 = 4.46, p < .05 | |||
| No | 166 (56.5%) | 144 (59.3%) | 22 (43.1%) | |
| Yes | 128 (43.5%) | 99 (40.7%) | 29 (56.9%) | |
| Perceived sleep difficulties | χ2 = 0.51, p = .474 | |||
| No | 126 (44.8%) | 105 (45.9%) | 21 (40.4%) | |
| Yes | 155 (55.2%) | 124 (54.2%) | 31 (59.6%) | |
Note: ADLs = Activities of Daily Living; ICU = Intensive Care Unit; Community activities was measured as a count variable of comfort with shopping, using the restroom, transportation and driving.