Table 2.
The relationship of Depression, Anxiety, PTSD and Sleep Disturbance to Cognitive Impairment.
| β | Coeff. | SE | [95% CI] | t | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MoCA Total Score | |||||||
| Depression | −0.236 | −0.126 | 0.041 | −0.208 | −0.045 | −3.05 | .003 |
| Anxiety | −0.016 | −0.009 | 0.045 | −0.097 | 0.080 | −0.19 | .848 |
| PTSD | 0.034 | 0.085 | 0.204 | −0.316 | 0.486 | 0.42 | .676 |
| Sleep | 0.005 | 0.025 | 0.300 | −0.566 | 0.616 | 0.08 | .934 |
| Constant | 20.114 | 0.315 | 19.494 | 20.735 | 63.80 | <.001 | |
| MoCA Total Score | |||||||
| Depression | −0.166 | −0.089 | 0.041 | −0.170 | −0.008 | −2.17 | .031 |
| Anxiety | −0.088 | −0.048 | 0.044 | −0.136 | 0.039 | −1.09 | .277 |
| PTSD | 0.072 | 0.185 | 0.200 | −0.209 | 0.580 | 0.93 | .355 |
| Sleep | 0.005 | 0.022 | 0.291 | −0.551 | 0.595 | 0.08 | .939 |
| Hospitalized (0 = No, 1 = Yes) | −0.112 | −0.627 | 0.350 | −1.315 | 0.061 | −1.79 | .074 |
| Sex (0 = Female; 1 = male) | 0.023 | 0.123 | 0.300 | −0.469 | 0.714 | 0.41 | .684 |
| Age | −0.273 | −0.046 | 0.010 | −0.065 | −0.026 | −4.59 | <.001 |
| Ethnicity (0 = White, 1 = Non-White | −0.015 | −0.074 | 0.302 | −0.669 | 0.521 | −0.25 | .806 |
| Constant | 22.293 | 0.556 | 21.198 | 23.388 | 40.08 | <.001 | |
Cognitive impairment is captured by the MoCA total score. Hospitalized refers to a history of hospitalization for COVID-19. MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment. PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder.