Table 5:
Hazard ratios for the association of predicted REE (Mifflin) with risk of incident, invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, overall and by breast cancer subtype
| Quintiles | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | P-trend | ||
|
|
|
||||||
| Invasive breast cancer | |||||||
| Cases (N) | 1,497 | 1,753 | 1,940 | 2,043 | 2,093 | ||
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.08 (1.00–1.15) | 1.21 (1.13–1.29) | 1.34 (1.25–1.43) | 1.54 (1.43–1.65) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted* HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) | 1.26 (1.17–1.35) | 1.42 (1.32–1.53) | 1.68 (1.56–1.80) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted** HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.99–1.14) | 1.16 (1.08–1.25) | 1.26 (1.16–1.36) | 1.34 (1.21–1.48) | <0.001 | |
| ER+/PR+ breast cancer | |||||||
| Cases (N) | 930 | 1,127 | 1,257 | 1,354 | 1,384 | ||
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.12 (1.03–1.22) | 1.28 (1.17–1.39) | 1.45 (1.33–1.58) | 1.69 (1.55–1.84) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted* HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.16 (1.06–1.27) | 1.35 (1.24–1.47) | 1.58 (1.44–1.72) | 1.90 (1.73–2.08) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted** HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.10 (1.01–1.21) | 1.22 (1.11–1.34) | 1.34 (1.21–1.48) | 1.41 (1.24–1.60) | <0.001 | |
| ER+/PR- breast cancer | |||||||
| Cases (N) | 195 | 269 | 255 | 225 | 226 | ||
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.30 (1.08–1.56) | 1.26 (1.04–1.52) | 1.17 (0.96–1.43) | 1.34 (1.09–1.63) | 0.053 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted* HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.32 (1.10–1.60) | 1.28 (1.06–1.56) | 1.22 (0.99–1.49) | 1.40 (1.14–1.73) | 0.023 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted** HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.34 (1.10–1.62) | 1.30 (1.06–1.60) | 1.25 (0.99–1.57) | 1.46 (1.09–1.96) | <0.001 | |
| ER−/PR− breast cancer | |||||||
| Cases (N) | 193 | 197 | 241 | 236 | 246 | ||
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.74–1.10) | 1.09 (0.89–1.32) | 1.09 (0.90–1.33) | 1.24 (1.02–1.52) | 0.004 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted* HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.74–1.11) | 1.08 (0.89–1.32) | 1.09 (0.89–1.33) | 1.19 (0.96–1.46) | 0.025 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted** HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.72–1.09) | 1.04 (0.84–1.28) | 1.02 (0.81–1.28) | 1.05 (0.78–1.40) | 0.476 | |
| Localised | |||||||
| Cases (N) | 1,127 | 1,349 | 1,451 | 1,563 | 1,520 | ||
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.10 (1.02–1.20) | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) | 1.38 (1.27–1.49) | 1.52 (1.40–1.65) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted* HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.14 (1.06–1.24) | 1.27 (1.17–1.38) | 1.48 (1.37–1.61) | 1.69 (1.55–1.84) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted** HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.11 (1.02–1.20) | 1.19 (1.10–1.30) | 1.34 (1.22–1.47) | 1.40 (1.24–1.57) | <0.001 | |
| Advanced | |||||||
| Cases (N) | 322 | 363 | 436 | 439 | 504 | ||
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.90–1.18) | 1.21 (1.04–1.40) | 1.26 (1.09–1.46) | 1.60 (1.38–1.85) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted* HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.88–1.19) | 1.23 (1.06–1.43) | 1.30 (1.12–1.51) | 1.64 (1.41–1.92) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted** HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.84–1.14) | 1.12 (0.96–1.31) | 1.11 (0.94–1.32) | 1.24 (1.001–1.53) | 0.027 | |
| Low grade | |||||||
| Cases (N) | 405 | 477 | 505 | 532 | 493 | ||
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.93–1.22) | 1.14 (0.99–1.30) | 1.26 (1.10–1.44) | 1.32 (1.15–1.52) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted* HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) | 1.21 (1.06–1.39) | 1.39 (1.21–1.60) | 1.54 (1.33–1.78) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted** HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.94–1.24) | 1.14 (0.99–1.32) | 1.27 (1.08–1.48) | 1.30 (1.06–1.59) | 0.002 | |
| Intermediate grade | |||||||
| Cases (N) | 647 | 732 | 813 | 867 | 884 | ||
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.93–1.15) | 1.17 (1.05–1.30) | 1.31 (1.18–1.46) | 1.51 (1.36–1.68) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted* HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.96–1.19) | 1.23 (1.11–1.37) | 1.42 (1.27–1.58) | 1.69 (1.51–1.89) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted** HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) | 1.14 (1.02–1.27) | 1.25 (1.11–1.41) | 1.35 (1.15–1.57) | <0.001 | |
| High grade | |||||||
| Cases (N) | 305 | 366 | 427 | 460 | 510 | ||
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.94–1.28) | 1.28 (1.11–1.49) | 1.44 (1.24–1.68) | 1.78 (1.53–2.07) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted* HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 1.30 (1.12–1.51) | 1.47 (1.26–1.71) | 1.78 (1.53–2.09) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariable-adjusted** HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.91–1.25 | 1.21 (1.03–1.32) | 1.30 (1.10–1.55) | 1.43 (1.16–1.77) | <0.001 | |
Abbreviations: REE= resting energy expenditure, HR= hazard ratio; CI= confidence interval; ER = estrogen receptor, PR= progesterone receptor
*
Also adjusted for education, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, randomization group/study arm, unopposed estrogen therapy ever use, combined estrogen and progesterone therapy use ever, breastfed ever, age at menopause, oral contraceptive, healthy eating index 2015, age at menarche and age at first full‐term pregnancy, race and ethnicity
**
Also adjusted for BMI