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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Demography. 2022 Apr 1;59(2):731–760. doi: 10.1215/00703370-9783507

Table 1.

Sample characteristics by decade (unweighted/weighted), children 0–17 years, Panel Study of Income Dynamics, 1968–2017.

1968–77 1978–87 1988–97 1998–2007 2008–2017
unwtd % wtd % unwtd % wtd % unwtd % wtd % unwtd % wtd % unwtd % wtd %

Reference person’s educational attainment
 <High School 55.1% 40.4% 37.7% 28.8% 27.2% 22.8% 26.5% 23.8% 22.8% 19.2%
 High School 27.9% 31.7% 36.4% 35.8% 37.8% 35.9% 34.1% 30.6% 31.8% 30.6%
 Some College 9.3% 13.7% 14.9% 18.4% 19.3% 19.6% 21.0% 20.1% 24.8% 23.4%
 College + 7.6% 14.1% 10.9% 17.0% 15.4% 21.5% 18.3% 25.3% 20.2% 26.4%
 Missing 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.5% 0.4%
Reference person’s race/ethnicity
 Non-Hispanic White 47.2% 81.4% 50.9% 79.9% 52.5% 76.4% 46.5% 66.7% 49.6% 69.1%
 Non-Hispanic Black 48.9% 14.9% 45.4% 16.0% 42.9% 18.2% 40.4% 15.4% 40.7% 16.5%
 Hispanic 3.7% 3.7% 3.6% 4.1% 3.9% 5.0% 11.3% 16.6% 7.9% 12.7%
 Other 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.7% 0.4% 1.7% 1.3% 1.8% 1.8%

Person-waves 70,549 60,689 63,969 30,226 31,523
Number of children 11,975 10,548 11,643 9,482 9,865