Table 2.
Kin coresidence prevalence and coresidence transition rates by decade, children age 0–17 years (weighted), PSID, 1968–2017.
1968–77 | 1978–87 | 1988–97 | 1998–2007 | 2008–17 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | # kin | Entries | Exits | # kin | Entries | Exits | # kin | Entries | Exits | # kin | Entries | Exits | # kin | Entries | Exits |
| |||||||||||||||
Bio/adopt parents | 1.78 | 0.24 | 0.78 | 1.72 | 0.26 | 0.76 | 1.66 | 0.42 | 0.93 | 1.65 | 0.32 | 0.76 | 1.64 | 0.38 | 0.69 |
Bio/adopt siblings | 2.35 | 1.39 | 2.11 | 1.52 | 1.33 | 1.73 | 1.37 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.41 | 1.13 | 0.84 | 1.50 | 1.17 | 0.75 |
Stepparents | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.29 |
Stepsiblings | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.11 |
Great/grandparents | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.22 | 0.42 | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.29 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.25 |
Other relatives | 0.12 | 0.42 | 0.62 | 0.09 | 0.42 | 0.57 | 0.10 | 0.43 | 0.51 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.13 | 0.29 | 0.24 |
Reference person’s educational attainment at first child observation | |||||||||||||||
Less than high school | |||||||||||||||
Bio/adopt parents | 1.68 | 0.29 | 0.94 | 1.53 | 0.42 | 1.13 | 1.40 | 0.66 | 1.34 | 1.47 | 0.45 | 0.98 | 1.43 | 0.52 | 0.92 |
Bio/adopt siblings | 2.73 | 1.55 | 2.61 | 1.69 | 1.55 | 2.20 | 1.46 | 1.45 | 1.59 | 1.75 | 1.46 | 1.14 | 1.67 | 1.38 | 0.95 |
Stepparents | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.11 | 0.56 | 0.73 | 0.12 | 0.38 | 0.41 | 0.13 | 0.42 | 0.43 |
Stepsiblings | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.15 |
Great/grandparents | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.44 | 0.14 | 0.38 | 0.86 | 0.17 | 0.45 | 0.87 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.45 | 0.25 | 0.37 | 0.40 |
Other relatives | 0.22 | 0.71 | 1.09 | 0.23 | 0.84 | 1.29 | 0.23 | 0.97 | 1.13 | 0.23 | 0.58 | 0.68 | 0.31 | 0.64 | 0.53 |
High school | |||||||||||||||
Bio/adopt parents | 1.82a | 0.28 | 0.79a | 1.76 a | 0.25a | 0.72a | 1.65 a | 0.41 a | 1.00 a | 1.58 a | 0.38 | 0.87 | 1.54 a | 0.43 | 0.79a |
Bio/adopt siblings | 2.12a | 1.26a | 1.76a | 1.47 a | 1.30a | 1.61a | 1.37 a | 1.11 a | 1.13 a | 1.36a | 1.11a | 0.87 a | 1.52 a | 1.25 | 0.80 a |
Stepparents | 0.02a | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.06 a | 0.24 a | 0.20 a | 0.09 a | 0.40 a | 0.45 a | 0.10 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.12 | 0.38 | 0.35 |
Stepsiblings | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.12 |
Great/grandparents | 0.03a | 0.07a | 0.15a | 0.06 a | 0.21 a | 0.37 a | 0.09 a | 0.26a | 0.43a | 0.11 a | 0.19 | 0.37 | 0.16 a | 0.30 | 0.31 a |
Other relatives | 0.06 | 0.27a | 0.40a | 0.06a | 0.34a | 0.41a | 0.08a | 0.38a | 0.42a | 0.11 a | 0.32a | 0.34 a | 0.13 a | 0.32 a | 0.28 a |
Some college | |||||||||||||||
Bio/adopt parents | 1.88ab | 0.20ab | 0.69a | 1.80 a b | 0.18 a b | 0.58ab | 1.73 a b | 0.41 a | 0.82 a b | 1.70ab | 0.27 a b | 0.69 a b | 1.70 a b | 0.37 a b | 0.67ab |
Bio/adopt siblings | 1.96ab | 1.44 | 2.04ab | 1.45 a | 1.19 a | 1.41 a | 1.33 a | 1.19a | 1.16a | 1.24 a b | 0.97 a b | 0.76 a | 1.40 a b | 1.10 a b | 0.64 a b |
Stepparents | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.07 a | 0.22 a | 0.22 a | 0.08a | 0.31ab | 0.30ab | 0.08ab | 0.29ab | 0.31 | 0.07 a b | 0.24 a b | 0.24ab |
Stepsiblings | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.04b | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.07b | 0.10 |
Great/grandparents | 0.03a | 0.15b | 0.16ab | 0.04ab | 0.15ab | 0.24ab | 0.06 a b | 0.15ab | 0.29ab | 0.09 a b | 0.15a | 0.26ab | 0.11 a b | 0.22 a b | 0.22ab |
Other relatives | 0.03ab | 0.17ab | 0.28ab | 0.03ab | 0.21ab | 0.22ab | 0.07 a | 0.29 a b | 0.37 a | 0.07ab | 0.15 a b | 0.20 b | 0.07 a b | 0.20ab | 0.13 a b |
4-year college or more | |||||||||||||||
Bio/adopt parents | 1.92abc | 0.06abc | 0.36abc | 1.88 a b c | 0.12 a b | 0.48 a b | 1.87abc | 0.20 a b c | 0.51abc | 1.86abc | 0.16abc | 0.47abc | 1.85 a b c | 0.24 a b c | 0.44abc |
Bio/adopt siblings | 2.11a | 1.13ac | 1.48abc | 1.39 a | 1.17a | 1.51a | 1.32a | 0.96 a b c | 0.84 a b c | 1.30a | 0.95ab | 0.60 a b c | 1.45 a | 0.98abc | 0.65 a b |
Stepparents | 0.02 | 0.02abc | 0.03bc | 0.04 a b c | 0.15 a b | 0.09 a b c | 0.04abc | 0.14abc | 0.19 a b c | 0.04abc | 0.11abc | 0.11 a b c | 0.03abc | 0.16 a b c | 0.14 a b c |
Stepsiblings | 0.03 | 0.01abc | 0.01abc | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.06a | 0.08a | 0.02a | 0.05ab | 0.08ab | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.06 a b |
Great/grandparents | 0.02a | 0.05ac | 0.08abc | 0.02ab | 0.06abc | 0.10abc | 0.02abc | 0.00abc | 0.12abc | 0.04abc | 0.06abc | 0.09abc | 0.05 a b c | 0.09abc | 0.08abc |
Other relatives | 0.02ab | 0.13ab | 0.16abc | 0.02abc | 0.10abc | 0.11abc | 0.02abc | 0.08abc | 0.12abc | 0.04 a b c | 0.09abc | 0.11abc | 0.03abc | 0.09abc | 0.07abc |
Reference person’s race/ethnicity at first child observation | |||||||||||||||
Non-Hispanic White | |||||||||||||||
Bio/adopt parents | 1.84 | 0.22 | 0.72 | 1.79 | 0.24 | 0.69 | 1.75 | 0.37 | 0.84 | 1.72 | 0.28 | 0.72 | 1.72 | 0.36 | 0.68 |
Bio/adopt siblings | 2.21 | 1.28 | 1.91 | 1.45 | 1.25 | 1.58 | 1.31 | 1.10 | 1.05 | 1.28 | 1.00 | 0.76 | 1.43 | 1.12 | 0.70 |
Stepparents | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.10 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.09 | 0.31 | 0.30 |
Stepsiblings | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
Great/grandparents | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.19 |
Other relatives | 0.05 | 0.27 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.16 |
Non-Hispanic Black | |||||||||||||||
Bio/adopt parents | 1.45d | 0.35d | 1.09d | 1.37 d | 0.33d | 1.00d | 1.26 d | 0.57 d | 1.19 d | 1.27d | 0.48d | 1.00 d | 1.32 d | 0.37 | 0.66 |
Bio/adopt siblings | 3.02d | 1.92d | 3.09d | 1.80 d | 1.64 d | 2.41 d | 1.55 d | 1.45 d | 1.64 d | 1.49d | 1.28 d | 1.07 d | 1.69 d | 1.16 | 0.72 |
Stepparents | 0.02 | 0.06d | 0.05 | 0.05 d | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.08 | 0.37 | 0.52 d | 0.08 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0.30 |
Stepsiblings | 0.00d | 0.01d | 0.02d | 0.01 d | 0.05 d | 0.04 d | 0.02 d | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.02d | 0.07d | 0.09d | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
Great/grandparents | 0.19d | 0.19d | 0.62d | 0.19d | 0.44 d | 1.03 d | 0.19d | 0.46d | 0.93d | 0.17d | 0.25 d | 0.58 d | 0.17d | 0.34 d | 0.38 d |
Other relatives | 0.43d | 1.13 | 1.76d | 0.35 d | 1.23d | 1.86d | 0.30d | 1.25d | 1.55 d | 0.30d | 0.71 d | 0.80 d | 0.19 d | 0.54 d | 0.47 d |
Hispanic, any race | |||||||||||||||
Bio/adopt parents | 1.78de | 0.37d | 1.07d | 1.67 d e | 0.37d | 1.17d | 1.61de | 0.71 d | 1.31d | 1.73 e | 0.34 e | 0.69 a | 1.64 d e | 0.54 d e | 0.83de |
Bio/adopt siblings | 2.72d | 1.58de | 2.64d | 1.74 d | 1.86d | 2.20d | 1.60d | 1.26 | 1.55d | 1.87 d e | 1.49de | 0.96 d | 1.63 d | 1.44de | 1.06 d e |
Stepparents | 0.01de | 0.03d | 0.01de | 0.10 a | 0.37 | 0.41 d | 0.08 | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.06d | 0.14 d e | 0.13 d e | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.26 |
Stepsiblings | 0.00de | 0.00de | 0.00de | 0.01d | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.01d | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.01d | 0.03d | 0.04de | 0.01 d e | 0.05 d e | 0.05 d |
Great/grandparents | 0.09de | 0.14 | 0.27e | 0.12de | 0.48 d | 0.86 d | 0.14d | 0.46d | 0.88d | 0.13de | 0.16 e | 0.27 a | 0.17 d | 0.32 d | 0.35d |
Other relatives | 0.24de | 0.98d | 1.43d | 0.22de | 1.04d | 1.16de | 0.29d | 1.10d | 1.31d | 0.21de | 0.43 d e | 0.58 d e | 0.22d | 0.39 d e | 0.36 d |
Note: Statistically significant differences (p<.05) compared to prior decade are denoted by italics. Differences between the first and fifth decades are denoted in bold. Group differences within period denoted by superscripts. p<.05 compared to
less than high school
high school
some college
non-Hispanic White
non-Hispanic Black.