Duration between neoadjuvant immunotherapy and removal of primary tumor impacts long-term survival. A. Groups of BALB/c WT mice (n = 10 per group) were inoculated with 7.5x104 mammary carcinoma 4T1-Luc tumor cells orthotopically into the right mammary fat pad. As indicated on the schematic, one group of mice was treated intratumorally with 3X CpG (50ug/per injection) and aOX40 (8ug/injection) on days 7, 9, and 11, followed by resection of the primary tumor 4 days later on day 15. One group received 1X intratumoral injection of CpG (150ug) and aOX40 (24ug) on day 7 followed immediately by resection of the primary tumor. On group received 1X intratumoral injection of CpG (150ug) and aOX40 (24ug) on day 7 followed by resection of the primary tumor 4 days later on day 11. B. Growth curves of primary tumors in mice from each of the treatment groups. C. Metastatic dissemination following T cell depletion via BLI, images representing 5/10 mice in each group. D. Kaplan–Meier overall survival curve. P values were calculated using the log-rank test (Mantel-Cox). p = 0.03 (1X CpG/aOX40 (150ug/24ug) before resection vs 1X CpG/aOX40 (150ug/24ug) at resection).