Skip to main content
. 2022 Apr 5;12:5695. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09583-1

Table 2.

Behavioral characteristics and perceptions at baseline.

Variable All participants Males Females p-value
M (SD) or N (%) N = 458 N = 110 N = 348
Dietary intake
Sugar sweetened beverage daily intake, mean (SD) 1.32 (1.39) 0.90 (1.09) 1.36 (1.41) 0.036
Sugary food daily intake, mean (SD) 1.09 (1.24) 0.68 (0.92) 1.14 (1.27) 0.017
Fruit servings, daily mean (SD) 2.44 (1.19) 1.87 (1.23) 2.35 (1.15) 0.0004
Vegetable servings, daily mean (SD) 2.3 (1.28) 1.96 (1.37) 2.4 (1.23) 0.0028
Total fruits and vegetables, daily mean (SD) 4.92 (2.25) 3.90 (2.52) 5.24 (2.44)  < 0.0001
Energy balance behaviors meeting guideline recommendations
Meeting recommended fruit/vegetable intake 0.011
No 362 (79.04) 94 (85.45) 268 (77.01)
Yes 41 (8.95) 2 (1.82) 39 (11.21)
Missing 55 (12.01) 14 (12.73) 41 (11.78)
Meeting recommended physical activity levels 0.801
Insufficiently active 254 (55.46) 58 (52.73) 196 (56.32)
Active 168 (36.68) 43 (39.09) 125 (35.92)
Missing 36 (7.86) 9 (8.18) 27 (7.76)
Energy balance behavior self-perceptions
Perceived weight status (Do you consider yourself to be overweight, underweight or about right?) 0.015
Underweight/About right 57 (12.45) 21 (19.09) 36 (10.34)
Overweight 357 (77.95) 75 (68.18) 282 (81.03)
Missing 44 (9.61) 14 (12.73) 30 (8.62)
Perceived need for weight loss (Do you feel you need to lose weight?) 0.136
No 35 (7.64) 13 (11.82) 22 (6.32)
Yes 406 (88.65) 92 (83.64) 314 (90.23)
Missing 17 (3.71) 5 (4.55) 12 (3.45)
Perceived physical activity level (Do you consider yourself to be physically active?) 0.126
Not Active 188 (41.05) 36 (32.73) 152 (43.68)
Active 233 (50.87) 64 (58.18) 169 (48.56)
Missing 37 (8.08) 10 (9.09) 27 (7.76)
Perceived need to increase physical activity level (Do you want to be more physically active?) 0.816
No 26 (5.68) 7 (6.36) 19 (5.46)
Yes 411 (89.74) 99 (90.00) 312 (89.66)
Missing 21 (4.59) 4 (3.64) 17 (4.89)
Perceived need to eat healthier (Do you think you could eat healthier?) 0.888
No 12 (2.62) 3 (2.73) 9 (2.59)
Yes 421 (91.92) 102 (92.73) 319 (91.67)
Missing 25 (5.46) 5 (4.55) 20 (5.75)
Perceived fruit/vegetable intake (Do you think you eat the right amount of fruits and vegetables now, or do you think you should eat more?) 0.565
Should eat more 277 (60.48) 64 (58.18) 213 (61.21)
Right amount 153 (33.41) 37 (33.64) 116 (33.33)
Missing 28 (6.11) 9 (8.18) 19 (5.46)
Perceived dietary fat intake (Do you think you eat the right amount of fat in your diet or do you think you should eat less?) 0.153
Should eat less 317 (69.21) 78 (70.91) 239 (68.68)
Right amount 110 (24.02) 21 (19.09) 89 (25.57)
Missing 31 (6.77) 11 (10.00) 20 (5.75)
Perceived sugar intake (Do you think you eat the right amount of sugar in your diet or do you think you should eat less?) 0.28
Should eat less 298 (65.07) 75 (68.18) 223 (64.08)
Right amount 128 (27.95) 25 (22.73) 103 (29.60)
Missing 32 (6.99) 10 (9.09) 22 (6.32)

M mean, SD standard deviation.